Why were the animals that drink cow's milk animals (transfer)

 Press: Today at noon, in the near Tsinghua University, Not long ago out of a Collection, the subtitle is Threads of critical essays. both the name of science, the latter call the former pseudo-science, not seen the article to refute the former. For me the scientific layman terms, is impossible to judge, really need to learn. But the book in this, . I looked carefully this time (for the text read a little patience), except for the vegetarian with the understanding of factors, I also agree with Tian Song view. This is better than Tian has already summarized at the end of the.
am on the road reading for 18%, while only 13% of vehicle emissions. that is calculated without considering the cost of meat animal welfare and human health costs, is worth it.
why the animals who drink this kind of animal milk cows?
Tian Song glass of milk every morning, is living in the city's so-called modern fashion, is also considered a sign of a healthy life. However, why people drink milk? If I ask, the answer must be Ca, Fe, Zn and Sn added the prime living the life of him were all the less than: milk, is cow's milk, from cows that large mammals of the female breast in the individual secretory hot for her baby out of the liquid preparation.
So I'll ask my question : people such animals, why do drink, the kind of animals cows, milk?
one outside of the scientific basis
First, let us lay down the scientific basis and return to common sense, back to our own individual experience with able to make judgments on things.
now, many hospitals have had a but also cattle, the so-called poor child will be malnourished mm Unfortunately, in scientific discourse, the to eat his mother to eight-year-old Nai Chi, it is clearly not the nutritional need, just a habit, a kind of entertainment between mother and child. Similarly, pushing the baby if the cattle into the cattle after the cattle still drink his mother milk, will suffer from malnutrition. We concluded that, for adults in mammals, the milk is not sufficient.
then, whether the milk is necessary? or ask: whether the milk contains the body of the adult necessary, though not required, or additional benefits, but some kind of magical substance it? Obviously, it is widely used to drink milk with this belief are closely related. probably for this reason, not only one person gave me such a strange The answer: The answer, I want to append another problem:
a mammalian adults, why should drink milk?
in all mammals, there is no adult animals, which still need to drink the milk of individual , but no single individual will be dependent on the adult animal another animal's milk. Man is a unique exception.
long in human history, the vast majority of the nation has never been the milk of other animals as their own will essential food. the majority of Han people in China do not traditionally consume milk. In my memory, then in the Northeast, to an adult linked with the milk, is the contempt and insult him. I believe that this language habits still exist. Although, even if the men and women can be anywhere northeast out of the bottle gorgeous colors (with milk bottles) face does not change color to look up drink. (I believe we all know that young and inexperienced this phrase, right?!) < br> naturally, someone pointed out that milk and goat's milk, mare's milk and its various products, is the herdsmen's daily food, and even a necessity. I certainly recognize that consumption of milk is fully nomadic historical basis. So I asked put aside, just ask the rest of those who never consumed milk, non-traditional animal husbandry people, why not a long time suddenly put milk as a daily food, and even the necessity for it?
Second, the individual experience: from the such practice does not take for granted
to the Chinese people in most cities, from the consumption of milk with little or never, up to a daily glass of milk, this change only two years. on the details of this change, if scholars are willing to lower Kung Fu, there is much to be sure. I just assume based on my individual experience, a rough outline.
said, I drink milk when the baby, and I said I have also seen evidence of this an iron mm Nestle quality milk cans, indeed Nestle, remember. However, in my childhood life of two small villages of Jilin pear tree, do not drink milk tradition. Occasionally I heard someone in the family sheep and drink goat's milk, was I so Han Chinese as strange. I live in Siping Young had tickets for some time supply of milk, I also caught the train home. probably from this point on, the milk is a good thing I default to mm memory, when the hot milk released into the atmosphere is indeed a tempting aroma. but because of large family, as the the northeastern city of almost see things, even people daily drink of Nanjing. I read that to degree of secondary school students in Nanjing have all sucking addiction. I remember, in the Nanjing Institute of Technology (now called the Southeast University ), a canteen, I drank his first port of yogurt, but right now, and was non-stop I spit lightning speed extraoral Pirates of the bell, this taste is so strange! unexpected is that the next few months, but I quickly fell in love with the yogurt. I like thick yogurt, the kind of feeling run off the tongue.
However, until 2001, my milk did not become an integral part of daily life. was so busy writing a dissertation, reclusive, standing bags of milk in the refrigerator, the refrigerator is often bottled outside the cereal, breakfast and supper as the default configuration. This habit has been retained and off for the summer of 2005, with the beginning of my career quickly vegetarian end.
counting from 1986 to 2005 before and after, this is my twenty years as a milk adult brief history of the individual.
believe that many people have never experienced a similar drink from almost do not drink the transformation process to drink every day, according to my limited on the stimulation of the three points. We drank milk made into fashion. The milk tastes better, according to my personal experience, I believe, part of taste is not constructed mm milk drink is a human instinct, but a social construction If not all the results of mm if the fashion and milk drink nutritious scientific basis, I spit out the milk, the second port will not drink, it is impossible that it tastes better. So in these three there, it seems seem to be the most powerful reason is now separated from the scientific basis of three people: what what milk contains nutrients into, what will produce what kind of effect, the number of how many of the benefits of the human body.
at least twenty years ago , there is a lot about the scientific basis of milk or a myth circulating in China, the most famous of which should be this: because the Japanese drink milk every day, N years, the average height increased by ten centimeters! scientific basis for these and myths I have doubt. However,
three, why do we / have to believe that scientific evidence?
years ago, in my scientific doctrine is still strong when the default configuration, I was proud to propose a self- Proposition: such as milk, the rich variety of nutrients on the scientific basis, because we are ?
in my previous view, science is based upon personal experience. Science Building, built no matter how high you can always revert to the most basic of experience up. Therefore, any person, as long as the step by step, can With his experience the so-called reconstruction of the entire scientific validation is also building mm. However, even if not to go into one of the positivist assumptions, even if the ideal modern science from the increasingly distant in our daily experience, not to mention the Big Bang and the like is completely beyond the profound knowledge beyond experience, even the scientists can only make theoretical judgments, and not empirically verified. Even if the nutrient such as milk it seems everyday science, the general public to judge the same theoretical weakness, it is difficult to verify experience. such as the effect is too abstract, such as calcium, is not fill, and what make up the performance, how many people will directly experience? contrast, lactose intolerance and diarrhea due to current legislation'd sentence. Thus, from almost do not drink a cup of change to the course of a day, one mention of Community (commonly known as the scientific community) mm producers of scientific knowledge in modern society. would have said, although we have no personal verification, but we believe that the scientific community can be verified for us. At this time, we put the trust of scientific knowledge, based on the trust of the scientific community over the. of scientific knowledge of the trust, and trust the scientific community, constitute a cycle of mutual dependence mm what is called positive feedback, and addictive like .2
in ; fashion tastes nutritious fashion drink more been verified out? If even between smoking and lung cancer are difficult to determine the statistical association, the association between milk and height to determine how?
At the same time, I can It is often said, the development of science is not simply deny the past, today the development of the science of the past not only to correct errors in the development of science, but also inherited the right of them. However, for concrete, practical problems in terms of , as civilians do not understand science, I see that a simple when the scientific evidence that high iron content of spinach, the effect of great blood, which can permit, frequency Song Qiubo conducive to health. Later scientific basis for the difference between a decimal point, Lane said children, in fact, not much iron, had to send eye from a little embarrassment. and then later, and that in fact no difference, or more, they still should be sending. Obviously, if the scientific basis to live, I will live Dianlaidaoqu.
even more direct example is the Breastfeeding, children in the United States in the 1950s 4. I have not verified the details, you can come up with reasons as follows: milk contains calcium and iron, zinc and selenium content or like material with better than human milk, so the cows were fed the milk , good; people are different, it was strong, some weak, some healthy, human ailments, it is robust to the health of milk to feed, good; mother breast-feeding, never sterilized nipple! nice, there are bacteria ah! and milk then after a So for some time, be regarded as scientific and advanced feeding milk, breastfeeding is considered primitive. Without this history, too baffling a breastfeeding promotion. even the cats and dogs have to know, people have to do with particular emphasis ?
Unfortunately, human beings are losing their instinct as a mammal, is becoming in accordance with the it has value, whether there is reasonable, always instinctively ask, what scientific basis for this thing. I ask that, in addition to scientific evidence, do we have any other basis to determine the reasonableness of a thing exist? If the other based on a conflict with the scientific basis, whether the scientific basis for the most? I found two, one is based on individual experience, one is the historical basis for collective .5 Looking back, smug in front of me proposition, I actually have to build trust in science to judge on a personal experience. as a stimulus-response function of individual organisms, based on personal experience, is all based on the foundation. For the majority of transactions in everyday life , every individual by virtue of their biological instinct and life experience, are sufficient to make judgments. such as what to eat dinner at noon, at night to see what film do not need science-based. The historical basis, I be interpreted as long periods of a nation the accumulation of individual experience, scientific evidence should be placed on top. In the past, it is often the basis of experience and historical basis of scientific evidence as a footnote. Now, I hope, in turn, make history based on scientific evidence and experience based on the footnote. < br> IV milk
voodoo magic and science are not as ; is provided by a Korean: The first snow speckled earth, kiss and love nine times in the snow, can guarantee the sweet life of nine years. and nine sweet kiss between, there is no causal association mm wishful thinking only those who practice witchcraft Because of this act of 1, there is no harm, 2, and very romantic, 3, cost is not high, but also because the 4 magic that the original form of thinking there is still potential, and the depths of people's unconscious sense of the daylight.
The so-called , people need a bridge, you need a workable means. mm even heart comfort better than no one.
I have a dream: to get my health tomorrow, as today, and even more healthy than it is today mm Note that this implies a desire to have with us, Sheng in the southwest provinces of the mainland until after. Pharmaceutical upon is a Western Buddhist Church, Home Garden of Ten Thousand Buddhas, hence the name cure. Fax service one day, there has medicinal, beauty and rejuvenation effect. and fair price , less than eleven gold dishes. ordinary people of all daily, everyone amazed. where nine of ten, monk passed away, Naizhi. the believers were three Jieyue authentic, are the scattered clouds. Yi to today, people often Southwest Dan read it.
if I returned to the southwestern provinces of dynasty at the end, I will also share with you daily of the same. What's more, among his disciples also revealed some of the production details.
to Medicine Buddha three money before the hot ash; poke three lotus garden, milling; Archangiopteris dedicated to three days prior to the smart side of the two or three; Zuo three money honey Spring Garden of Ten Thousand Buddhas; and to the Master pro-hammer with a wooden fish more than four decades of ramming mix, it can be thirty pills.
ignorance of this process, I am more firm confidence in immortality. to the modern point of view, to achieve the aspirations of this method is called witchcraft. However, in my shallow anthropological point of view:
every morning, opened the refrigerator door, took out the milk cows, cut packaging paper, poured into glass bowl, turn on the microwave for a minute and a half on, with one to three bread film, food Xu Xu drink.
This is also a healthy witchcraft.
milk, as people today believe that the causal link between health and have adequate theoretical basis for (the theory is called science), the same, then It is believed that a cure and health is a causal association, also based on the theoretical basis for the time (What I should not care.) theory, the result of social and cultural construction, as the cure-all ;. in the sense of the sociology of knowledge, cure and milk are symmetrical; theoretical panacea of being trusted, and the nutrition of milk be trusted, is symmetrical. panacea and milk for the different times The people with the same desire to meet the health operational means. If we say that taking a magic panacea; then, drink milk, is also a magic, witchcraft is the same.
milk, but the old magic panacea that the media in modern society, a variant.
back a hundred years ago, my health probably also wish to meet the following operational measures:
rearrange rooms, beds Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ventilation is a dark geomancer hh judgment;
eyes open each morning before the turn eye, stir the sea, drum rinse; palms rub, rubbing the back surface hh ask is traditional Taoist health moves;
day to worship Buddha, mind this is a Buddhist meditation hh recommendations;
God so loved the world, and can perform miracles, pray to Christ every day, hh said, this is the word A Christian's advice;
mm a day trip to tai chi master tai chi which is a voice of experience;
take a walk after dinner, live to the Ninety-nine mm This is a Chinese saying;
An apple a day, doctor awaymm this is just passed in the saying;
hh hh
witchcraft as a neutral if not as a derogatory term, it may be called the magic of these means. I What kind of magic that, depending on which theory I believe; and I believe what theory, depending on which theory has more right to speak, depending on which theory the default configuration with the whole community is more coordination. As My individual experience, often submerged. witchcraft prevalent in milk now, and drink milk health benefits has become the default configuration. If you do not have access to health, it is not the fault of milk, children, but your wrong child. mm if you do not wear into the glass slipper, it is because you are not Cinderella, shoes are not wrong. people express concern, often making a fuss like to do in earnest: a glass of milk every day before going to bed to help sleep. people to visit the elderly, natural areas would be a case of milk. people who were concerned, was to visit the person would Lianlian Chen is, again and again thanks. milk witchcraft has become part of contemporary public discourse, even as ideology, as a panacea in southwest China a century ago, thirty years ago, Kombucha.
in our scientific age, science has the highest voice, the most popular face of witchcraft are often based on emerging science. Science witchcraft not only occupied the territory of traditional witchcraft activity, are constantly developing new proliferation of space. health, beauty, increased, Breast, hair growth, impotence, remove wrinkles, anti-aging and so forth. Jiang Xiao former brother in can be explained by other reasons. so, it requires large-scale advertising bombardment, making the public discourse. such as those claimed for certain specially designed Chinese partner, is to constantly tell you that you do not complete, you have defects, you lame, and then let you buy them Shui.
Science witchcraft, sorcery you can say to their packaging into science, but science itself can be said to be witchcraft. as the two forms of human thought, witchcraft Science and Health was able to water and fire.
, of course, someone from the sense of ontological stress and health panacea causal link, is false, fictitious; the milk and the health of causality, is a scientific, empirical, it is true.
Let us recall that we once had, has been dismissed out of the health of witchcraft, such as playing with blood, drink Kombucha and smoothing treatments. I believe, when they prevailed , have given scientists had quite sufficient scientific evidence. even smoke, it may not be healthy to find a scientific basis. it was later, the scientific basis and were subject to some other, even with some scientists refuted.
Similarly, on the milk of the scientific basis of health benefits, but also another group of scientists have been refuted. Indeed, these negative scientific evidence is not entirely new discovery, but was discovered early on!
historical perspective based on the myth of the milk into question, I quickly found the same lot of that milk is harmful to health of the scientific basis. For example, an enzyme needed to digest milk, and Asians in general do not have this enzyme, so Asians generally digest milk, resulting in diarrhea. Furthermore, not only do not drink milk, calcium supplements, it will result in the loss of calcium the body will lead to osteoporosis. To make this a little like science, I may use Google out of the literature make a little science.
, about 7% .8.
Wikipedia Most of the human body greatly reduces the activity of lactase. Therefore, drinking milk can produce diarrhea, bloating and other symptoms, known as lactose intolerance .9
Wikipedia
larvae in mammals after weaning, intake of lactose and generally will not stop the production of lactase. the human child at 4 years old will usually lose 90% of the lactose digestion, but the difference is between each large. Some people because the first one on chromosome 2 gene mutation, life can digest lactose. on the variation of the time and place there is no scientific consensus on the conclusions. the current situation is: Most people in Western Europe ancestral genes present in the variability (means they enough for a lifetime to digest lactose), while East Asians, sub-Saharan Africans and the Americas, Oceania, the indigenous peoples are the majority do not have the variant (which means there will be an adult lactose intolerance). global 75% of the average adult, the symptoms appear, therefore, instead of to the known diseases, as it is more suitable natural conditions.
scientific basis for this nation just can not consume milk, as most of the historical basis of the footnote . Nature is extremely smart set in the evolution of this mechanism, so that adults can no longer mammals enjoy special foods prepared for infants. Thus, for adults, milk is in line with Professor Liu Huajie Two non- principle: neither sufficient nor necessary. After a particular gene variant that can be life milk in the nation, is not normal, the same, it may not be necessary.
and for infants, since we already know Breastfeeding is good, at the right time in the breast full of milk naturally necessary.
then to here, I believe, will miss some people insist on asking the ontological sense: in the end is milk good for health science according to many, or to be harmful to the scientific basis for more? Why the health benefits of milk far more positive basis for milk based on the negative harmful to health?
Here, I just used the professional arena. in accordance with the sociology of scientific knowledge, scientific conclusions are themselves socially constructed. Back to the philosophy of science, there are the so-called are based on the designer default configuration. If a researcher has been the default milk is wholesome, the purpose of his experiments verify the milk must be healthy, he designed the experiment can only give the health benefits of milk mm even if the experiment fails the result can not give the conclusions of milk harmful to health because it will be another experiment, need another design. In the default configuration, under this general, the researchers produced a large number of The health benefits br> Now, the water seems to be I mix a. in the people and events have not yet constitute a clear causal network, how to find the next important causal link? At this point, I want Introducing Holmes method: from the specific details come out and see the final outcome of the incident, in whose favor?
So, in this whole operation of the milk witchcraft, who is beyond the beneficiaries?
mm is the operator of witchcraft to drink milk people? Of course not, as mentioned, they may be beneficiaries, but may also be victims.
It reminded me of an old story about the gold rush, when the western United States, some lucrative, Some people go bankrupt, but there is a young man has a down to earn the money, because he did not dig gold, sell gold tools. just like gambling, gamblers sometimes winning, more often lose money; but offers jackpot making, destined to make money. Another example is the lottery, buy lottery tickets could win the lottery more often in the to, but can not be happy because the money spent watermelon, watermelon rind only in the month; but to sell lottery tickets, and destined to make money. Thus, a key clue surfaced:
large dairy companies, as well as related industrial chain!
only them, is no doubt that this referendum to determine the beneficiaries of witchcraft.
VII, Science the manufacture and dissemination of knowledge
entities in the emergence of powerful interests, the various events associated with the association have a new way, showing a new picture. Back to the previous question, why a positive than a negative basis according to To much?
First, consider the dissemination of knowledge, this problem can be for a question is asked: Why do we hear the positive than negative basis according to many?
Clearly, the existence of the interests of the entity, based on positive popularization and dissemination will have a strong promoter, on the health benefits of milk and the myth of scientific knowledge can be very effective communication and promotion, so that every day when we are in television, newspapers, billboards, point of view to mm popularization of science is not neutral, but also may have interest background. Further, many myths about the milk is probably construct them out! As the smoke of the association in manhood, a large number of long-term tobacco disseminated the results of the ad.
those negative on the to spread. and will be met with resistance from the dairy industry, and refuted.
So, even if we assume that the number of positive and negative aspects of the same basis, we will hear more positive basis.
Secondly, considering the knowledge production.
scientific knowledge is not something out of nothing, especially the moment of science, is produced by professional scientists. So obviously, first, what are the knowledge, depending on the relevant scientific community (eg, nutritionists) to What we produce knowledge. As stated previously, scientists generally believed that if vocational nutritious milk, they are more likely to produce nutritious milk proof of scientific knowledge. and in today's society, most importantly, the second, because the interests of the entity the existence proof of the wholesome milk more easily through research programs, easier access to financial support, making it easier to be produced more easily be published, be disseminated.
relationship in this huge chain, and the popularization of science as scientific knowledge is not neutral scientists nor neutral. I believe that nutrition-related with the milk of scientists, a considerable part, is closely associated with the industry, or even part of this industry. Because, the industry also has its own team of scientists, not only in the specific composition analysis, testing, disinfection, formula and other technical work, but also the theoretical construct.
eight, the details of complicated magic
2006  I saw a new TV ad, a very rustic look enthusiastically to the camera man said: and all the magic, like milk is also rich in its details of witchcraft. also, like all the magic, the details of the more complex operations the more a sense of ritual, the stronger the confidence in it.
Let me do a little review. First of all, people simply accepted the health benefits of milk and the myth of scientific knowledge; in the 1980s, people have money left over after the hand, ; drink milk, just as a symbol to raising living standards; So we started operating cattle ...