Chang'e lunar special feature - the implementation of the third lunar probe satellite in recent months, the brake (Record) ...

 The implementation of the third lunar probe satellite in recent months, the brake (Record) 
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Chang'e this morning the system in recent months, the last time action, and eventually enter the work track. According to reports, Chang'e around 8 pm will be the third time in recent months, brake, adjust the orbit period is 127 minutes and 200 km altitude polar orbit moon, Chang'e satellite will officially enter the scientific exploration of the working orbit.
[Xinhua] First of all, let us first briefly recall the history of Chang'e flying to the moon.
[Xinhua] at 19:09 on 24 October, Chang'e I satellite was successfully launched, with a total mileage of more than 100 million kilometers, a long time about two weeks, raise the height from 200 km to 600 km. directive issued after 130 seconds, the first successful orbit. The orbit that the satellite propulsion system working properly.
[Xinhua] at 17:33 on the 26th of a goddess of the moon No. The first implementation of the perigee orbit, the satellite into an apogee of more than 70,000 km in 24 hour period orbit. In this orbit, the satellite will run 3 laps.
[Xinhua] at 17:40 on the 30th, Chang'e One 48-hour cycle of the satellite to reach orbit apogee height from the ground 12 million kilometers, setting a new measurement and control of spacecraft flight record.
[Xinhua] at 17:56 on the 29th, in the South Pacific on the measurement of Yuanwang III ship an order, Chang'e I started the second satellite perigee orbit.
[Xinhua] at 17:28 on the 31st, the successful implementation of Chang'e satellite perigee orbit Third, to successfully enter the earth-moon transfer orbit, Moon began to fly. It is also a satellite into orbit after the fourth orbit.
[Xinhua] at 11:37 on November 5, the Beijing Aerospace Control Center on the Chang'e I satellite was successfully implemented for the first time in recent January brake, the successful completion of the first Beijing Aerospace Control Center Chang'e I satellite has successfully implemented a second time in recent months, the brake, the satellite successfully entered the period of 3.5 hours of small elliptical lunar orbit.
[reporters] are now the scene has been very busy today, a goddess of the moon number will be the last time the perigee orbit after 114 hours to begin the journey flying to the moon slowly, in the middle of the journey had a correction, enter the lunar orbit in the day before yesterday, yesterday for the second time in recent months, the brake, the third time in recent months today braking time is about 8:24:21, probably in 8:34:32 over. success, means that the lunar probe into the working orbit to begin scientific exploration work.
[news] First you give us introduction, into orbit today, what kind of track?
[expert] we call the operating orbit, first, it is a circular orbit is 200 km away from the moon. cycle is 127 minutes. Second, it is polar lunar orbit, it has always been flying across the moon's poles rotate.
[reporters] in orbit, the satellites do it?
[experts] in orbit, the latter part of the scientific experiment is to prepare.
[reporters] are less than 20 seconds, we were waiting for this moment.
[Xinhua News] Chang'e third time in recent months, the engine braking power.
[Xinhua] The system will continue to move about ten minutes, on-site staff are busy working.
[Xinhua] According to the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee, deputy director of demand-fat Chan introduced Chang'e satellite into lunar orbit, orbit control and to maintain follow-up, scientific exploration, tasks such as data transmission and reception is still arduous.
[Xinhua] Chang'e achieved in the November 7, after the third time in recent months, the brake can eventually enter the work planned lunar orbit. Chang'e reached orbit ability to establish and maintain post-directional three-body posture, which can ensure the detection of the payload of the month, the Japanese solar wings to get energy, maintain directional antenna data transmission, while the satellite itself, thermal control, power supply system can equal portions No effective regulation is the key link in the follow-up.
[Xinhua News] at 8:35 on the 7th, Chang'e satellite main engine shutdown, the end of the third brake in recent months.
[Xinhua News ] Beijing flight control center announced, the work of Chang'e satellite successfully entered orbit, the upcoming lunar exploration activities.
[expert] the third time in recent months, the success of a brake after a real lunar probe into orbit by the mission flight of the aircraft, they can conduct scientific experiments work.
[expert] now to the lunar satellite has entered orbit of work to begin activities of various scientific experiments, the load began to start work again. We look forward to Chang'e data can be a very good back, which can quickly these data to the public to see.
[Moderator] just like how the situation in the field?
[news] When 8:34:32, 490 Newton successful closure of large horsepower engine, the target orbit and orbital overlap, when the reality, staff and hugged tightly.
[expert] Chang'e satellite rushing the past 10 days, to accurately capture the moon as the moon satellites, but from the target orbit there is a considerable distance. After nearly three days of hard work, we point in recent months after the implementation of three brake, has entered the target orbit, it can be said the project objectives have been completed, it is very large Chang'e important stage, marking China's space capabilities have been fully completed entry point off to explore the moon and capacity.
[expert] on November 5 is the first time that day into a circular orbit of the moon, This is a very big breakthrough. Today, we are very accurate to achieve the target orbit is circular orbit, 212 km, this is our very great success.
[expert] We engage in space four or five years, but to the moon was the first time, did have a great chance, but there are many unknown things. today to reach the moon in the target orbit, can say that we Chinese people are proud to say, the moon, the Chinese people, the Chinese people to China accurately to the people. This time we are very excited.
[Reporter] What do the following work?
[expert] The next task is to probe the moon, all the telemetry data to be down, but all down before the telemetry data, satellite attitude adjustment to be consistent with attitude, we'll be down after the data processing.
[reporters] have confidence in you?
[expert] I think it is totally confident.
[ ,],[br> [Ma Xingrui] should be said that the accurate, precise orbit into the ring full moon, the realization of scientific objectives for the next step to lay the most solid foundation. Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation undertakes two major launch vehicle and satellite systems, I first responsibility should be considered, it should be said that this launch is the exact launch, precise orbit, and today they have achieved the exact and precise lunar flight, the basic objective of the project can be achieved.
[Ma Xingrui] Next satellite systems to conduct in-orbit testing, be prepared to establish normal posture, a scientific exploration of the Moon. So the next step in the arduous task, we also need space systems and the General Armament Department and the Academy of Sciences, a command and control system working closely together to be able to achieve the goal of science.
[reporters] to everyone talk about you at work after the satellite orbit to be doing a thing?
[Ma Xingrui] Chang'e I lunar satellite mission a year, many experts have introduced a nutshell is the three-dimensional imaging surface of the moon, is to create three-dimensional map on the same time for measuring the thickness of lunar soil, and includes some useful elements on the moon probing. After this time, the flight, on the earth-moon space environment have also been detected.
[Reporter] Do you work on the next satellite is confidently right?
[Ma Xingrui] I am very confident, and I believe that we teams are mature, is the ability to fight a hard battle, we have a spiritual space, > [expert] Chang'e flying to the moon from the earth process, step by step to enter the moon's gravitational field, its speed will be the emergence of a track point, that is, it is to balance the Earth-Moon gravity, the speed will gradually reduce and gradually speed up the process, it is necessary to calculate this point very accurately.
[experts] in the calculation of the exact basis, but also to put the satellite into a very precise attitude, and in this posture, according to our center amount of control to complete a fire control, so that you can speed down the satellite, but the deceleration process is very stable under the control, if the brakes too fast, it is possible to hit the satellite to the moon, if the speed down so less the moon's gravity, it will fly out of the moon's gravitational field. This is early in the United States and Russia engaged in lunar exploration, this occurred in both cases. So the calculation of the orbit, the control point and the control of the selection process monitoring, requiring very high precision is difficult. The first braking is completed in recent months, the satellite has been on the lunar orbit Rao, followed by two relatively speaking, much smaller degree of difficulty will.
[Moderator] we on-line journalists at the national observatory.
[Reporter] I mm ground application system, the National Astronomical Observatory headquarters, where the most important job is to receive and process data. at the appropriate time, the eight science instruments will start exploration work. we look at, although it is very deserted headquarters ground application system, but the real busy time is coming soon, although this ten days, the satellite in good condition so that scientists have been confident, but a little preparation but not dare to relax. from the launch date, here are 24 hours a day on duty, and in the environment of the scene which we have noticed a detail, these days more than a few very obvious publicity board.
[ ,],[arrangements for engineering tasks, such work would continue at least a year.
[Reporter] What is above the moon? the most intuitive approach is to take pictures than to the moon, Chang'e This gives us more of a nameless expectations. Here are the first image processing.
[expert] has been repeated the international lunar exploration program, also produced the lunar surface three-dimensional images, but the coverage of the Moon is not very satisfactory, especially poles is not particularly clear, our goal is to produce three-dimensional image full moon, it can reflect the ups and downs of the lunar surface morphology.
[Reporter] What is the camera work status?
[expert] CCD Chang'e satellite camera flight with the continuous shooting the lunar surface, forming a 15 cm wide film, this film can reflect on Table 60 km wide strip.
[Reporter] The first picture was black and white or color?
[expert] black and white, because our main goal is to produce three-dimensional image the lunar surface, according to the design and analysis of the task ahead for the visible band, is the human eye can see fully meet the mandate of gray requirements.
[Moderator] Today, from launch to completion until the third brake, there is no worry about the key points?
[experts] are mainly the process of orbit is the orbit from Earth orbit to the half time , there is a half orbit to lunar orbit from time, after all, is the first time, there are still many uncertain factors, this can be successful, they do very well.
[Moderator] If it successful, Which step is reached? If the line meters, this is the line number of steps?
[experts] to the whole process from the launch trajectory design process, I think it is completely successful. The next step depends on the instrument can does not work, this is the next critical. to this place, I think most have been successful.
[Moderator] 380,000 km of the road, but after a few orbital transfer process, not previously field testing, the way you think of this instrument will not be affected?
[expert] should be said that there are many risks along the way, the first is to orbit the moon, had never designed, first of all give it refers to a the right way to let it go. because of the relative movement of the moon and Earth to find an optimal window, using the energy approach to the province of the past, to choose the right and the ground-based monitoring of the condition.
[expert] Second, the design is good after which they control the road is good, as you would like to go this way. Third, the communication link problem. If the detector is not in the air and ground contact, and that means we have no charges on it or understand Star state, so the entire link that we've never done 380,000 km of the link assurance. now it should be said has been resolved. Throughout the flight, the load state is a telemetry information to ensure that it can orbit after normal start of work.
[experts] with the various countries to increase the number of launching spacecraft, in the case of near-Earth orbit, there may be some risk of collision, but the probability of such collisions are very small. We Chang'e One in the control process, mainly taking into account track design and optimization of minimum energy. into lunar orbit, the same is also considered such questions, we must ensure that the satellite in the year-long process to maintain stability running posture, the control is the focus of our attention should be paid.
[Yuan Wang tracking ship Three Liu Jun, vice captain] In recent days, tracking ship in which the sea has been in a poor state of sea conditions, long continuous monitoring and control with continuous rocking the boat, so that the staff on board is very tired. by today's measurement and control, we will be watched Chang'e satellite into orbit to its final mission, Chang'e satellite will be around 127 minutes per week, month, Yuan Wang Three complete all the survey work started for home. away from the country a month, and the crew is to miss their loved ones at home, wish all the pro-Yuan Wang Three people healthy, we will come back.
[Moderator] This times, a total of four goals Chang'e, a planetarium and the general public interest from the perspective of three-dimensional images to draw the moon is not the most concern?
[expert] at least the first task is displayed.
[Moderator] from the point of taking pictures, that is, the angle from the planetarium and the science talk, talk from a scientific point of view, photos taken this time what is the significance? will fill what?
[experts] in fact the moon three-dimensional imaging, topography of the moon can deduce some of the evolution of the moon, why there is such a topography, internal structure and so some things can get a lot of scientific research value.
[expert] detection The main purpose of the moon's mineral composition is twofold: first, by analyzing the moon's mineral composition, but also to analyze the origin of the moon, Earth and its mineral composition and mineral composition of other planets contrast, can draw on some of the origin of the Moon Science inferred. Second, the moon does not have a lot of elements on Earth, the moon Yes, we have clearly detected after the development and utilization of these resources for the future to lay a good foundation.
[expert] the thickness of lunar soil is mainly to estimate the Three levels of helium. lunar surface with a layer of about 5m15 m thick regolith, lunar helium adsorbed in three. probably three to helium on the moon for a hundred years the global demand for generating capacity, but helium-three to get the applications on Earth There is still a far distance.
[experts] are the satellite has entered orbit to a mission that can begin to track scientific experiments, but the real science from the beginning of the experiment some time. the current satellite attitude or orientation to the sun, and if would like to take pictures, you must install the camera side of the moon, the stars aligned, we call on January mirror, this probably began in the November 18, control flow to reach 100 points or more, the satellite's attitude will be turned to the moon by the sun, so that started to really work the payload.
[Expert] This control is very complex, never done this kind of control. precisely because it is a long time to control the current requirements of the Earth-Moon relationship is not satisfied, and only in November 18 or so, due to appear this month in relation to the control conditions, we have to go to satellite for the first time on the state, so as to start exploration.
[expert] but this process, we have the satellite also a lot of control because the moon's environment is a very complex environment, compared with the Earth, the satellite is concerned there are many different effects, such as the installation of satellite ultraviolet sensor, the satellite did not have the orbiting sensor. satellite attitude determination in three directions must be the first center to control the satellites, stars on the moon, while solar panels facing the sun should gain energy, and use the directional antenna aimed at Earth, so as to transfer the data back.
[Moderator] there had been any moon hot?
[experts] said we should be very concerned, because this is a big project, over time, will certainly affect a lot of people to pay attention to astronomy, in astronomy since may be more.
[reporters] Although success is over an hour, but the lively atmosphere of the hall still did not stop. This is a satellite system to me as commander in chief and chief designer Ye Peijian. so successful thanks to what?
[Ye Peijian] benefit from accurate and hard work.
[Reporter] How accurate implementation of the satellite?
[Ye Peijian] all want to achieve to achieve the precise . The most high-precision reached ten thousandths. precision than I thought.
[Reporter] The next step depends on the satellite, and then do what they do?
[Ye Peijian] separated from the satellite and the rocket launch After the performance it should be said that the performance of the satellite so far are good in all respects with the ring next month has been a complete success.
[Ye Peijian] told me four good: First, the design is better. Second, satellite into space after the Control is better. The measured accurately under control, to achieve very good. Third, the satellite perform better. perform well, test well is not OK. Fourth, the key to the key, all good depending on what ? depends on the person. ourselves, the whole work is very precise, every day to discuss in advance, after summary. the work of accurate results can we do now so accurate.
[reporters] to me this is the orbit room Director Don song real. In this case several flight control, accuracy to 1.7% from the initial 0.3%, to ten thousandths, how much of today's deviation?
[Tang and Song real] should be said that behind these second, to speed up the last nearly reached the ten thousandths place. The control error should be ten thousandths.
[reporters] had in the course of 114 hours flying to the moon, Chang'e amendment to the middle three times, but canceled two, the middle one was gently, to tell you what effect it brings you?
[Tang and Song real] we eliminate the middle amendment, thanks to accurate satellite orbit, there is that several control fine every time, this is way we eliminate the basic conditions for amendments to abolish the middle of revised savings directly to the satellite 200 kg of fuel. satellite into space, the drop of your gold. fuel savings, we expect a year do track maintenance, fuel savings, we can do for two years, or even three years, if these fuels to support our science project, we can do a variety of experimental tracks, such as raising or lowering the orbit track, various experiments can be done.
[expert] satellite fuel economy are two aspects, one is the track is optimized, control is very accurate, to bring fuel savings. in the satellite launch has brought us to save fuel , 24, the launch window, our window to the launch site to ensure that a zero emission, so that we can find the best earth-moon transfer the entry point.
[experts] in addition to the life of the satellite depends on the life of its own components outside, depending on fuel and electricity. just said fuel, enough for us to support a long time, if the satellite itself is good for electronic components, you can continue. The second fuel is by solar panels, running process, To ensure the supply of satellite energy, we will adjust the satellite attitude, we are flying and side fly called.
[expert] We want to complete the camera, the load devices are designed according to specified height must be 200 plus or minus 25 km, the work results are the best. because the moon is basically a ball.
[expert] the inspection, including inspection of equipment technical state of ground station in Kunming, personnel and logistics status of working conditions, Kunming ground station is currently in good condition, all staff in place, ready to receive tasks to complete the data preparation.
[expert] Kunming flight control ground station will be based on plans for data reception, data received over the network to the ground application system headquarters and the local store. We will arrange the moon landing time work, working hours per day, probably in about 12 hours.
[Moderator] This picture is taken as a whole is still dominated by the details of the main shoot ? the details you have a choice? camera is kept in the film, we come back or ground a command choose this option?
[expert] The main purpose of the Chang'e I still do global, survey of photographs , does not require the resolution of a particularly high point is a census of. there is no focus, it should be said there is no pre-determined where to shoot, or a global survey. Let the width of about 60 km. There is a light problem, there is no way back the moon shot.
[host] is not out of the payload and energy considerations into account various aspects, one to the dark side will automatically shut down?
[expert ] to the dark side does not automatically shut down, if that becomes a yaw attitude when the stereo camera can not shoot, it will be shut down. is certainly a wide range of pre-survey, post the specific point of interest which can be set to further photography area. the first census after the image to the ground after the boot where and where not boot, the ground can be controlled.
[reporters] the flight speed is 1596.84 meters per second, according to the original design was to achieve 1.59 kilometers per second. So far, all the precise content of a very important, and that is our current design of the implementation of this satellite system is very accurate.
[Reporter] What exactly due? benefit design The system, which is the first time in our country around the probe, there is not much warning before, can do that, innovation is more important. I introduce you to a Yu, Assistant Army Europe. In fact the preparation of the procedures were at work one year, his average daily working time is four hours, thirteen. and your colleagues work with many people?
[Europe and more than Army] editing software eighty seven people, but more people involved in this work, there are more than a hundred people.
[Reporter] How many million lines of the system command?
[Europe over the military] have 1.03 million lines. including early to do some tests, that code is relatively large, more than 160 million lines, the entire 260 million down the line, about a year and a half or so with time, a step is in accordance with the Software Engineering of the road to go down.
[Reporter] What can we learn from the experience to have? how do we put this set of models and their compiled out of the system?
[Europe over the military] in our country is currently off detection the first time, you can learn from the experience as us, that is, pre-some, such as the Shenzhou series of work, most of the work or in the dark. In addition to system monitoring software with some of the more than 90% are our own R & D software.
[reporters] are Yuanwang III, II and Mountain stations are already out of the monitoring and control. then tell you a message, where seven staff to get ready for God.
[experts] from the satellite control point of view, the third time in recent months after the end of braking, there is a very important follow-up control is converted to a monthly orientation, the complexity of this operation is also very high, we must ensure that it succeeds to get a lot of science according to plan probe data. flight control scheme is established by us, because for the first time to the moon, surrounded by a lot of unknown factors, including temperature and state of the satellite itself, we should be more closely monitored.
[Moderator] but need not be the total number of so much?
[expert] is.
[Moderator] just said 18 is a key point, both the moon, the sun towards the aspects of energy supply, data transmission is again toward earth, The first picture is probably going to come back?
[expert] payload power after gradually accumulated images of the moon is a pushbroom approach. two-dimensional image acquisition is faster, now understand that the received map like after about 6 hours, can handle it. If you want processed into three-dimensional, time will be longer, probably a day or so. our first trip to the moon, even when shooting the sun's elevation angle and there relationship, we have to choose the right camera parameters, is to see stars on the CCD camera light in what in what circumstances the shutter and aperture take clearer images, after this test, you can work continuously to obtain a very clear image.
[Moderator] from the symbol of the meaning and the feeling of excitement for everyone, perhaps the first, second photo is important, but from a practical point of view, perhaps not the most important because with the nature of a pilot shot?
[expert] should be said that the first two photos more symbolic number, the subsequent accumulation of greater scientific significance.
[Moderator] Apart from detection of something outside, but also to bring the 32 songs, we can hear you?
[experts] to hear. We kept a lot inside the songs and voice, as planned, in a fixed number of festivals, these voice download for all to hear. By the time I will tell everyone to listen, because I have not heard, I think will sound very good.
[expert] but not everyone can take such a direct ear to hear, because the universe is a vacuum, sound can not be transmitted, or transmission of radio waves back, then decoding can hear on the radio or the Internet.
[reporters] are the Chang'e I satellite orbiting more smoothly. I'll share a guest, he is the deputy chief engineer of the flight control center, monitoring and control system of Lunar Exploration Zhou Jianliang, deputy chief designer. He took two books, is to have plans for the implementation of fault countermeasures program, these two books, 600 pages, mainly to prevent the satellite into orbit during launch to 148 measures can think of. Now there are two books with you?
[Zhou Jianliang] should be said that 8 times as we track the implementation of countermeasures, and now all Rail Strategy has been set aside.
[reporters] in the coming year, the track will do what monitoring work?
[Zhou Jianliang] Since the characteristics of the lunar gravitational field, and now the work of the satellite into orbit, but the lunar gravity field role, it will be more low points in recent months, much will be more and more on point, eventually if not combined, it will exceed our design specifications. Under the current plan, once a month to track the maintenance , that is, point of control in recent months the satellite gear, it's far down on points. to the far point to the satellite on acceleration, it's in recent months points to lift.
[Moderator] This is the first time lunar flight, which is to repeat? why the 70's had a man on the moon boom, these years seem to heat up again?
[expert] each time there will be some that can not be avoided detection duplication of work, a lot of work Chang'e is the first time in our country, such as the full three-dimensional three-dimensional imaging of the lunar surface. the heat in the moon, as the United States, Russia previously had been landing on the moon.
[expert] as defined previously astronomy satellite is defined, the definition only when the definition of satellite artificial satellite, and now developed to the moon, Mars and beyond further planetary exploration, and if then told the satellite is not very accurate. We also feel that the future is called the detection Some more accurate device.
[experts] at the beginning of Chang'e satellite of Earth, and now it is a lunar satellite, I think it is no problem, but the middle of a process of flying to the moon, the whole process is called probe control better, but now it does not call into question the lunar satellite, or right.
[Moderator] hope scholars to give us a more accurate to say, this is even more convenient. Chang'e One is October 24 launch such a long time in the future, we recommend to Aspect.
[expert] let countries already have a satellite around the moon, the flight control center as Beijing is concerned, we have successfully completed a manned space mission launch We have the three astronauts into space and sent back. I hope that one day our country's astronauts to walk on the moon.
[experts] with the smooth development of the Chang'e I work as a space technology Hospital, two to send a lander, a device inspections, visits to fall to the lunar surface, no longer remote, but the real place to go for testing. I believe a few years should be able to probe in Chinese work on the surface.
[experts] in the near term, the data returned is the most anticipated. long-term perspective, the Moon is followed by the interplanetary probe, want to see our probe to Mars and other planets up.
[Xinhua] This is the end of this broadcast.

See entry blank of Khenpo Tzu Cheng Chu Lo

 See entry blank of Khenpo
Tzu Cheng Luo beads are Buddhist precepts based on pure.
Smell the essence of Buddhist practice is thinking,
Buddha Dharma is the result of Lee students.
The teacher Shakyamuni Buddha saying forty-nine years, the foundation for the interests of the three different Zhuan Falun, the second of Zhuan Falun, focusing on promotion play Bore emptiness. Buddha is said that after Nirvana, Philip taught by Wisdom illustrates two major open deeper meaning to send: one without the Buddha Straight was empty and deep meaning of Wisdom. this fundamental theory, there are two teachers explain the secret of justice: are the holy days of a Buddha (also known as Deva Bodhisattva), pure way to practice Qiaojue photo The book four hundred of Buddhism, there is the concept and medium-sized view of the points. What is the outlook? sized view of what is it?
Nagarjuna's May said the Buddha's Zhuan Falun from third all the talk about the persistent light. root drive better, renunciation or bodhicitta in the repair, but also may permit Monkey sex. For example, when we have repeatedly thought to the heart is very tired, they not reflect, and peace of mind to stay, then, all other thoughts will naturally go, if product information, crime conditions repentance already have, then leave that moment all thoughts may also permit Wukong of. However, Prior to this, in view of the concept must be Caixing.
and medium-sized concept refers to his view or Tathagatagarbha in view of the air. In India, Buddhism is not terms, this is artificial in Tibet, but there is Buddhism in India , so I sized view; and Di
need both of these points are required in view of Two Truths, or disorder will result in understanding.
today is about the concept, not about large and medium concept, but also from the Two Truths, namely, in terms of both Shengyi Di and Shi Sudi. Because the concept of Two Truths covers all the implications, but also essential to separate the Two Truths.
lot of people do not understand the concept, see the Did the Buddha say? Since the Buddha is emptiness, why should the Buddhist it? how can you become a Buddha? There is no cause and effect cycle? Since the cause and effect, reincarnation, Buddhism, Buddha, and the degree of beings are there, but also how will be empty as well? To solve these problems, we need to separate the Two Truths.
Buddha in January, said, relationship does not exist, someone would retort: We of the eye such as ear, nose tongue obviously have access to five causal knowledge, if the cause does not exist, the insights for what to see? know why the ear can hear it?
on This controversy, known as the Buddha on how to stop it? he will Shengyi Di and Shi Sudi separate question was solved.
we are here to separate the Two Truths of reasons, not to stop other people's arguments, nor to overthrow the other religious or other people's point of view, is to overthrow the old myths. Sakyamuni Buddha preached Nagarjuna Prajnaparamita and made Bono is to overthrow the error point of view. Although we do not need to debate with others, but need to debate with himself. So, learning the theory of Two Truths in the concept is necessary.
(c) learning the importance of Two Truths < br> in the view of the content is very broad, but today they talk about a part that is both simple and critical questions. This is both a theory is amending the law, we must understand.
heard emptiness, golden, everyone can heart empty of seeds sown fields, the seed will not only never be destroyed, and will mature in the near future. who is a little doubt, also have a bad three. bad Xunxi, resulting not only did not the air of the Nyaya Health and confidence, but also unable to have played a reasonable doubt. If students who can briefly the situation from a reasonable doubt, for example, think a little: , right? Most Excellent missed. problems. Since then, those who want to escape, must permit Wukong of, otherwise, even if the renunciation, bodhicitta, no matter how fat, can not escape.
as a Mahayana practice must have three tests: renunciation, Bodhicitta and Wukong, the last card of the relevant mm. So, permit Wukong is very important. Although many of us, the emptiness is still too early to attend, but is also good to know in advance.
There are currently speaking, as long as the real repair, not theory. real good repair, of course, but if there is no theory, but also how to implement on it? Although the Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng Venerable Master and Milarepa heard without thinking too much, just through a period of asceticism, be the Most Excellent Master in the blessing after they enlightened the supreme level. but they were fine roots machine, should we all are fine root machine? In fact, the vast majority of people can not be so The.
we thought it must be heard to the practice green light. not smell thinking, amending the law on the theory and do not know, repair it? just calm down, can not afford any distractions, this is the practice? This is not practice. we all know, many animals are hibernating, and the time for months or even longer, but this is not practice it? enlightenment it can thus be free then? impossible. Therefore, only he has no thoughts, also nothing. we really need is being conducted in the right knowledge, and are conducted in the right to know from the press think, therefore, thinking is a must hear.
smell thinking it? to completely try to get rid illness and death of the fundamental, we must have empty of ideas; if not empty of ideas, relying on the repair of renunciation, bodhicitta repair, practiced patience, have not completely solve the problem. You may have this feeling: that of renunciation and sometimes very good, it sounds as if nothing not as renunciation; sometimes said Bodhicitta well, as long as there is sufficient Bodhicitta; when said space is very good, as long as the card can solve all the problems of Wukong. In fact, these three are needed, only to have has the order, and finally must have. renunciation, bodhicitta and emptiness, each have their advantages, each have their own role, the three combined, can cause people to go real liberation, the lack of one will not work.
Second, the concept and meaning of Two Truths
(a) in view of the meaning of the concept of the meaning of
, is away from all attachments, all from the second side. In short, the two sides is Bono's persistence. even our dreams are built on the basis of the second side. round the clock in our doing is the sixth sense of thinking, and insights for, ear consciousness, nose consciousness, tongue body awareness and knowledge of the feelings, all call two sides. why is called view each other to be the concept, so called two sides. away from the two edges in the middle of the road known as the concept, then, is there a Shi Sudi meaning
1, Sheng Yidi of the ordinary person is concerned, is the invisible realm. In other words, our eyes have never come close to the realm of 耳鼻舌身意 called Sheng Yidi. Now In our sixth consciousness can reach behind the material world and spiritual world, there is another realm, which is certainly not the philosophy of Plato talked about the world. It's like when the sky is cloudy, the wind sweeps the clouds disperse to reveal blue sky behind the clouds. Similarly, we now have touch, like the clouds as far as it covered all the truth, people can not see their true colors. Now we must find a way to blow like the wind bulk of these is Africa and Africa, but an emptiness, a bright and peaceful world, like a late autumn sky, cloudless sunny miles. Although it does not exist in the world, non-concept of the world, however, can pseudonym for the world, this realm called Shengyi Di, that is, what really are the best things.
Master Hui Neng once said: ;) Where can the dust alight! Although the common ordinary person can not directly feel and experience this realm, it can be confirmed by the theory of the existence of this world, in view of the so-called theory refers logic.
2, Shi Sudi is our most know, usually we have two fourteen hours in all of the contacts, that is, knowledge can feel the first five, the sixth sense of mind to everything that can belong to Shi Sudi. Shisu Di includes cause and effect, reincarnation, manufacturing, construction, charity, Buddhist , achievement, fall, and physical, spiritual, time, space, sports, etc., also includes ancient and modern philosophy, science, art and all other disciplines.
Buddha once said: people argue with me. . according to Shi Sudi, the world saw the eyes of material objects do not count? can be sure. Not only that, including all rivers and the thoughts and feelings the earth is there, there reincarnation Nirvana, the good but also evil. Those who the world's eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body awareness can feel, are there. However, the world eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, the feel, all kinds of everything, just as illusory illusory dream world, is the world's eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body awareness created by the world only, but the Buddha also affirmed its temporary existence of illusory like a dream. and those who know of the denial by 眼耳鼻舌身, the Buddha is certainly is not there. So, the Buddha did not argue with the world. This is called Shi Sudi.
Shenxiu Master said: dust alight. Shengyi Di's point of view of. Why do people argue with the Buddha? Because, speaking of the Shengyi Di Buddha has gone beyond the realm of the world eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body awareness of the range, they can not understand, it will be debate with the Buddha.
in every material, there is Shisu Di and Sheng Yidi two levels. For example, a house there are two levels. What exists? if from the eyes, ears, nose , the angle of observation of the tongue, does exist in the Shi Sudi a house, it can play a role in daily life, this is from the perspective of Shi Sudi. So, what side of the house Shengyi Di? We want to observe eyes clearly see there is a house, but it is real? In fact, our eyes only see this phenomenon, but not able to distinguish the true and false.
such as when a person suffering from eye diseases, will see snow-capped mountains yellow or blue, then he knows to be true white, yellow or blue is illusory, it is his analysis of the sixth consciousness, and consciousness of the evidence relied upon is still pending from the eyes of their mutual view knowledge: For many years, I see snow-capped mountains have been white, now suddenly turn yellow, it can be inferred, must be my eyes and ill, rather than a change in snow-capped mountains. He after this reasoning is not that the color of snow yellow, should be white.
However, the insights for and consciousness can not go beyond its own realm. eye can only see things that normally can see, it can not go beyond this range; and also from the consciousness of all basis five knowledge, it can not go beyond this range. So, insights for and awareness are confined to a sphere that can never go beyond it, this range is called Shi Sudi. However, we view the theory through the study, we can know that Sheng Yidi level a house.
Shengyi Di is like the original Snow White, Shi Sudi is like suffering caused by diseases of the eye, as the mountain yellow or blue illusion. white is really yellow Blue is the phenomenon that is illusory. it can be said Shengyi Di seen as wake up scene, Shi Sudi scene like a dream. We are all dreaming day and night, the so-called success and failure is a dream and the nightmare only. the dream of all images, from the perspective of awakening is simply not exist. dreams all the emotions and beauty and ugliness, will disappear along with the dream. Similarly, when we complete reach Shengyi Di when, in his own realm, the world's joy, good and evil, and so everything will be gone, but others can be a joy to know, so will the degree of eternal beings .
Shengyi Di briefly described above, and Shi Sudi concept.
three, two of the world how to choose
Shengyi Di Shi Sudi and how to switch two of the world is it? in the end only one of them is the truth, or both are true then?
for Shi Sudi and Shengyi Di, Bono is not switching, will remain at the Shi Sudi, you can not enter the Shengyi Di, although we now know that there Shengyi Di existence, but there is no way into the personal certificate. Buddha is more than one place, sometimes in the Shi Sudi, sometimes in Shengyi Di, when he entered the realm of emptiness when it is Shengyi Di in from out of state after he is Shi Sudi in. Buddha is always beyond the Shi Sudi, always Shengyi Di which, however, Shi Sudi know what it is like the Buddha, the Buddha knew what living beings in the Shi Sudi, and the degree of the method, and so beings.
From the above we can see, there are three kinds of people: those who have been within the Shi Sudi, and the other people have been within the realm of the Shengyi Di, there is a people coming and going between the Shengyi Di and Shi Sudi. Shi Sudi is always in our ordinary person; always in Shengyi Di is the Buddha; exchanges in the meantime is the one place to ten to the Buddha.
into Shengyi Di Buddha, the enlightened to the emptiness, the After this set, back to Shi Sudi, in this world, there are all kinds of material and spiritual phenomena, so he felt it all again, but he has been able to deeply appreciate all this dreamy .
Now, the first one, that is, ordinary person, he needs to do? He needs to go beyond Shi Sudi. than later he will find that there is another world (Shengyi Di) exist. So, he will The World (Shi Sudi) and he world (Shengyi Di) compared with each other, also found huge differences between them. He can understand this, in which Shi Sudi now has his own fantasy world. In this post, such as management practice , the phenomenon of the world will gradually disappear, until it disappears into the trace when there is nothing to it? not. Finally, there will be a bright Tathagatagarbha. Although today is about the concept, not the large and medium sized view However, in view of large and medium eventually have to admit that the Term Outlook.
four, Shi Sudi why the illusory dream
in Shi Sudi, we present the most important task is it? We are not going to understand Buddha's realm, nor to the realm of enlightened Buddha, which is quite a distance with us. Now we really need is to overthrow the eyes, ears, nose, tongue point of view. we can reverse it? can. because the basis of each of our dedicated, are no reason, not solid, so it is easy to reverse. And there are many ways to overthrow, and today they talk about several of them.
Although the the five aggregates of people, twelve, Shiba Jie, but most people usually only feel the spiritual world and physical world. So, here do not speak the complex, but only to observe these two aspects.
(a) choice of the external material world surreal dream
lot of people have this question, the material world is an objective reality, how can it not exist? Here we must first ask, who knows the material world is it real? This view is self come from? or teach others? or just their feelings? the reality of the material world is not primarily from parents, teachers, educate others, but from our their feelings. when we begin to feel it? For example, some people first, not Buddha, Buddhist, on seeing some of the theory, I feel very good argument, began to believe in Buddhism. our physical reality feel whether it is the case, did not start, after contact with a number of theories have it? not. In our just born, had this innate feeling, then my existence on the attachment, then there is me The existence. We never thought that I and my presence there any evidence, but without hesitation to accept this view. So, are we think the material world is real.
1, looking for material existence, Open your eyes when you see such a thing present, there are no other reasons? not. the so-called reasons, only the feeling of the eyes, but no other evidence. so our eyes are reliable? Is any one issue , is it the final say? Of course not. Do not say Shengyi Di, even Shi Sudi in the microscopic world, our eyes can not see, it is more subtle than the world of the microscopic world, the eyes can not even grasp. In this carefully After observation and analysis, we have no way to confirm the views of the wall is white, and no one took no evidence.
, for example, can use many instruments to measure the object's temperature, speed, etc., which can prove that it is real it? measure temperature, speed of instrument is required to observe with your eyes, if not the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, etc., who knows what instruments can measure these data? can be seen that eventually the eyes, ears, nose, tongue , the body in the shots. So we could not find evidence of the wall was real white.
this conclusion, not the Buddha asked us to accept, nor Nagarjuna requires us to accept, but when we After repeatedly thinking, is unable example is the distinction between reality and dream. if we ask you in ten minutes, out of the current situation is not taught in the evidence of dreams, I think you do not get anyone out. Why not take the evidence? because of this dream and reality There is no essential difference between the two worlds, are illusory. One might insist: This is definitely a reality, not dreams, because before I came to listen to law, and did not sleep, how can dream without sleep? If a dream, you must first go to bed Caixing. However, we can see in a dream and now exactly the same situation. So, these are not evidence.
life before and after the first post, in general terms, is itself vague unclear. Originally, we think the middle period of life has been well known, but according to the above analysis, we are now doing in the end seemed to not tell the.
today we do not have a lot of talk about the concept of logic, but From the point of view to illustrate the straightforward truth. After the above analysis, the first, we could not find evidence of the wall is white; Second, we could not find conclusive evidence of the moment is not a dream.
Thus, Bono's behavior while, seen and heard has always been no conclusive basis. However, in modern society, most of the ordinary person, or whether it is realistic dream, just out to make money, no other purpose. In fact, if willing to serious thought, you can not find any evidence of physical reality.
What is the result of this theory? It at least let our hearts rise this question: What in the end I? is not a big dream of doing it? This is our time in the absence of careful observation of never thought of. (when the night is a small dream to do during the day and the daily life of a big dream, big dreams and small dreams.)
3, looking for material management, but we do not talk so much, they talk about the concept of a simple logic.
, for example, remove all the accessories of a vehicle, it becomes a lot of parts, rather than the car; to continue decomposition will become a block of iron, rather than part; further down the breakdown is a lot of particles, rather than the iron one's eyes; be divided down in the end, all matter would disappear before our eyes, do not exist the.
perspective from analysis of the material world is such a result. At best, the earth is a vast expanse of the Milky Way very small particles, the Earth and then continue to break down the particles in turn contain smaller particles, has been assigned to the end. Although the world of philosophy, science and other theories have yet to understand what kind of points to the last case, however, as early as two thousand years ago the Buddha has explained it very clear: Finally, : will be replaced by a dollar ten cents, ten cents and then it points to the ten people, so that the dollars they will lose. matter decomposition and the like, it will eventually disappear.
If smallest cloth is real. If cloth decomposition, then saw the line but not cloth; then the line break, then saw the wool but not line (assuming the line is spun from the wool); then wool decomposition, the saw dust (or particles) but not wool. So I ask: Just where the cloth? line went where you been? wool went to where it? they are all gone.
In fact, each of these substances can be so decomposition, and the extreme points will disappear. In short, all matter is generated in the emptiness, the emptiness of the destruction, it is also inseparable from emptiness.
this point, we first see the outside In the material world is all illusion. However, because the ordinary person like persistence, the only hope the last heart (spirit) exists. However, the nature of mind does not exist.
(b) of the inner spiritual world of choice There
no real observation of our own now and then, in turn. Buddhist speakers are composed of the five aggregates. we all know, the human body is muscle, bone, skin, etc., which are to be decomposed. In addition to Beyond this is the spirit. the so-called spirit, is consciousness, soul (or heart). If the damage to the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and other five, the corresponding five-consciousness can not exist, then consciousness can exist? It also can not stand alone. how is this possible? We had previously been considered the heart of thinking, the heart in accepting heart in exclusion, and physical awareness is like a servant, as awareness of how to arrange it how to do it. For example, awareness of the body to reach the fire command, although the fire will burn the flesh, but if the heart is willing, the body must obey its command. then we must ask, consciousness (or heart) What is the nature of what?
a variety of instruments can directly measure consciousness? not. When the hearts of emotions, the human brain and other organs would be the impact of such sentiments, while the instrument can only measure the body physiological changes in the heart of the state to indirectly suggested. However, this method can not identify the nature of the heart.
In fact, the heart's ability is incredible, so best to ask the question of its own. how to ask it? Beware of calmed down after that, go to the heart in the end what is observed, that is, complete with a large way to find the answers, so you can discover the truth. Although addition there are other methods, such as the concept of logical reasoning, etc. However, they are not very strong, so the best option is to ask Seoul from the heart.
However, with renunciation and Bodhicitta, we do not ask, even if asked, it would not answer; and with renunciation and Bodhicitta, simply a question, it is willing to immediately reveal his true colors. specific amending the law do not speak today. because, in the renunciation and Bodhicitta not yet mature, even talked about very little effect, did not mean to say. < br> spiritual world is more complex than the material world, fine, there is not easy to measure the degree of the gradual deepening of the level, and the incredible super-function. Therefore, since human history, in addition to the Buddha outside, no one can truly understand the spirit of the Inside, all the wise men are confused. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the spiritual world of a very wonderful thing, who are locked in the realm of practice and some special books are, although ordinary people did not leave from the beginningless time to spirit world, but its true nature and the magic power of nothing. tell us the truth: the vast expanse of the universe was only a subtle magic to rely on inner strength to live, when this power completely disappeared, all colorful phenomenon, will be wiped out in a flash. All of this is incredible ah!
meditation in some people, just slightly when exposed to air resistance, one that I was not there to immediately afraid. Maybe you Some of the people who have such experience. because we've always thought that I was there, and now suddenly discovered that the sitting here in the end what is it? then how to do it? fact, do not be afraid of Dungen's case, this is a normal phenomenon, is already a little bit close to the performance realm of emptiness. For example, when the hand is very close to the fire , the temperature will feel it; if very far away from the fire, even if the fire-burning was again busy, and no feeling. Similarly, although the Buddhist sense of emptiness so much, but if you do not study or revision, its our own impact is minimal; in the more nearly empty of meditation, we begin to have some reaction, fear is one of the reaction. this is a temporary fear, and soon we will go beyond it. If we can continue further studies to will understand that my nature has always been this way, not now, not only me, but beginningless time is always the case, but I survived, > Now we can know not only the physical world does not exist, including the spiritual world does not exist. and Shi Sudi only by the composition of the material world and spiritual world, and all are included in both the world, they do not exist, and also What can exist? This indicates that there is no one thing is there. as the Sixth Patriarch said: not a thing originally. At present, although we know that these two world does not exist, but this is only a superficial sense of feeling only, not really appreciate the emptiness.
five double transport
emptiness Two Truths (Shengyi Di, solid phase) and phenomena (Shi Sudi) never contradictory. As mentioned earlier, some people read off But this is only their own views, in fact, is not contradiction between the two.
As previously cited examples of cloth, and if in turn, observed, it is started by the vacuum until the quark atoms r r a series of different levels of molecular dust aggregate to form the fleece, and wool can be spun a lot, a lot of wool can be woven into cloth, made clothing. In fact, no matter decomposition does not decompose, the combination does not mix, cloth body is the same. together, called Shi Sudi; decomposition to non-existent, called Sheng Yidi. cloth body never left Shengyi Di, but in the Shi Sudi, the fabric is there, it can make clothes on the body , the two are not contradictory. So, the front will be mentioned, each of these substances can separate the Shi Sudi and Shengyi Di.
then say whether the above is just theory? not the case. This is not the only mouth words that theory, but to follow the truth in front to achieve double-Win Two Truths. how to achieve it? present, we must first start from the Shi Sudi, the renunciation, Bodhicitta established, do not rush repair emptiness. in renunciation, bodhicitta grounded after each of us can easily enter the space of state; the other hand, if there is no renunciation, bodhicitta, even if the demand for empowerment more, see the Buddha more to participate in the law would more, it is difficult to enlightenment. study of law practice, the key is not external image, but in the mind looking for a very safe way, and then work to walk up, so that it can be achieved.
on the outer edge of the run, no one is able to go beyond the Buddha's great compassion and great power, can force us to escape if the outer edge, then today we can not in reincarnation, and Buddhism certainly will do anything to help our misery. Indeed, while the Buddha was pointing a lot of our road to liberation, but because we ourselves do not diligent efforts, it is still the ordinary person, still in circulation cycle.
In summary, we first adopted Learning Two Truths, the Law of the All That is there is both a space of truth, since then, we never have, ; like the questions, you can practice the peace of mind. In fixed renunciation and bodhicitta, based on the actual repair emptiness again.
actual practices of the specific method is to first learn the theory just mentioned, and in View the many theories, after thinking again, so certainly deeply felt, and feel everything is emptiness. was not because the book is empty by nature, so that should be empty, but of the book, whether by how to say, the time to observe their own will have a deep experience, this experience is called comprehension, this is a preliminary view. and then think of ways to extend the time to be realized, which is called the repair center. Of course, the experience of time better. because in the enlightenment, we are in round the clock in the realm in which persistent; after the enlightenment, enlightened, if longer, then ...

Way through the game I ``

 Blink of an eye, another year has passed, in retrospect, I really played a lot of games, and games today, I spent a year, think about it, quite long. Here is what I played the game: This talent `16-year-old has been very easy to ``
back memories deep out, my first` first touch of the game sword and hard work, but hard to Shacheng, this is for what? to honor, to make everyone remember him! This is the legend of the world, but now `` an old man, although not so many people play, but `it creation of the legend will never erase.
I also remember very clearly `not the order into chaos
1.popular, I think the difficulty level is an increase of `point of `` Maybe I did not insist on it ~ ~ Oh ``World of Warcraft fiery heart sinking, not people, but also there have been many well-known roles, such as l r what what thief king., > 3. system, do not know how many people to the crazy, whom cry, Liangxiaowucai, parenthood, rising stars in the political arena, although the hermit h. `` ``` `` But after years of popularity is always so high, is a width was not much of a good game. elusive animal, is very rich and interesting activities h. h `` welcomed by the players, although a fee, but also the hearts of players can not block!! ~ ~ I hope that the system, the system `` ```` friends `title of the clan skill system `` `` `` stall system reputation system ``` gang system, characterized by the unique gaming features, focusing on interactive games, has a strong appreciation and playability.
5. by the Korean online game developer Hyundai new digital entertainment company (Hyundai Digital) developed and manufactured on a large network of real racing game. it city life, track absorb situation. Seoul and made a complete simulation of the game world, a fully simulate the real data, the vehicle modification system, a sound track competition mode, so players feel the pleasure of the game at the same time, involuntarily between reality and the game drifted away from land. Since March 2003 South Korea since the beta, the game in the racing game industry caused a great sensation, breaking the Currently, Korea has more than 7.8 million registered players, a leader in casual games. tasks, but also competition with other users, and may be modified on his car, the car transformed into better performance, or affixed to their car stickers, to create a unique look. speed racing more true of a wide 3D `` `` recreational racing game.
6. The crazy, after years of hardships, there have been Sifu share, play for real version of the very few, PW is still rampant, mighty head again hope this radiant !```< br> 7. The story missions system, with up to 500 sets of tasks funny funny story and the task chain 65535. Players can and legendary historical figures interact, listen to them tell you all kinds of crazy stories, or to your to complete the various kinds of bizarre tasks. whether NPC dialogue or storyline, incredible all along the route to start. Q version of characters, happy and lovely, but also a more fun game !```< br> 8 . Since August 2003, outsider music door version of 2006 to the present the upcoming . Optical Communication and wemde operations in three years time, players listen to suggestions and new version of the game needs, so that the recognition of certain players and the industry. experienced more than three years of operation, also about to change business model, in its new version of `fighting ````< br> 10The focus of the player, let us explore, let us work together. for their own racial struggle !```< br> 11. a, distinctive, varied role, two, all the rich 3D world `` Third, the easy to use search system
`` Fourth NPC, the ever-changing equipment, `` Five, equipment build, upgrade `` `VI, concisely, `` Seven refining equipment, upgrade equipment, the effect of `` compelling `Pat, state, national war `` IX, gang, gang warfare `` ten, eleven `` rich tasks, enhance player interaction Dead beads `` second, the development of the game features `` 2D +3 D` `` ``` play the game together reminds me of theFeatures information on 

Ignorance of the woman, but fortunately, you make me more aware

 Often did always regret some of his choices are always quiet in the quiet of the night to you, you are always tainted with a secular perspective of a pure love for each. Do not know what is ignorance, not knowing what is a special situation, only know the feeling heart, the kind of fear, worried about the mood. a man to go with another woman, that I change of heart. a city of half a year is not a woman to find other men that I quick change of heart change. A man in the arms of another woman, said that a struggle for the cause of the people outside in the shady things to do. I really do not understand is how this world. The world is so crazy? or you these people are in contact ah? I'm so sad, I'm so sad I did not decide not to contact you, but heartache, and you love me unbridled slander, slander of my personality.
open one for you blog, I want to recall that this bit by bit, a record length of my Mind blog, do everything possible to save it to the feelings of this. I was careful to write something on the blog, written by my experience, is to make You know I love a good hard, over the hard. Ha To let you go there to understand. I give you a clear conscience told this address, I want you to know about the person you give up on your feelings . Since I put those words into the blog, then I am not worried about what? because that is the sad sad people to do things, you may not have a loser now. you always believe: hurt others, not let others hurt you. This is the love? even the basic understanding of not understanding, let alone to know what you think of those nasty things that are not the truth.
simple truth ah well, I have my own life , I am bored to want to go so far to find you? I have a girlfriend, I will easily answer your phone? You say you feel sick, really I was sick, sick I did all the things I'm howling at the moon nausea. all day saying how much you pay this person, that person how much you pay, is still in front of you now with my boyfriend said something, and then in front of me say that your boyfriend What you give up? you in the end doing? Do you have a sober living in this world, you do not know what is love? love is more than it? can choose to love it? love can be measured you?
I relaxed and finally put down the heart of stone for many years, the original does not really miss is the most beautiful love, but you pay so much, my heart's concerned about it. OK, not over, no new started. Maybe I have to find a really worthy of my love, the girl whom I care. at least worked hard all day, would never be said to be a liar.

Overview of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Discrimination (middle)

 Included :2007-09-12 15:41:52 Nanjing Museum
Discrimination Overview Chinese painting (in)
2. Distinguishing the basic method of painting
so-called by the spurious history. Its main targets are those with the seal of the name of, or work. It infers from certain no money to print works of the era and even the , but there are fake title, Postscripts, that is called a home to make, is also recognition of such a sham, or the alleged signature of consistency, worthy of the name is genuine, or is counterfeit. This requires the detection of forgeries were reflected in works of both the understanding of all the facts, they know all the facts about the author. This understanding of the more comprehensive and profound, the higher the level of detection of forgeries. Discrimination is the basis of all these principles that, while the most basic method to the following several.
(1) features based on the style of calligraphy and painting works to identify the authenticity
style characteristics of the formation of a specific painting methods, tools, materials, ideas and culture, with no sight and other related arts, it is mainly in pen and ink techniques, images and fonts, composition and organization of writing, charm atmosphere, etc., and specific identification of the from the era of the personality similarities and proceed.
ink painting and calligraphy is the most basic form of expression, and therefore the primary basis for identifying the authenticity. ink techniques in history has gone through a process of constant development, although it thick, thin, square, round, dry, wet, thick, pale and so infinite changes, but will always be formed in every age some of the basic features. the so-called Six Dynasties painting, painting of Tang, Song painting, Yuan paintings, Ming and Qing Dynasties painting, etc., have their clearly identifiable characteristics of the times. If Six painting lines, rounded Jin Jian, such as silkworms spinning, if a picture has obvious frustrated and straight off, and even the phenomenon of thick pen hastily, then Six people will never be out of the hands. painting the painting rocks, of course, will no doubt false. In addition, different painting tools and materials also formed a special ink form. to calligraphy, for example, when the Jin and Tang Dynasties and more with a less hard and determined to ink pen, so there Dayton pen strokes split ends and straight out at the thief mm phenomenon. Song began with a soft middle and cents, or Yang Hao mood pen, the formation of full round of stroke. to the Qing Dynasty and became popular after the mid-soft pure Yang Hao pen. to painting, Qing-wen, Guangxu ago, mostly with the mouse to be painting landscapes, Langhao so hard brush, just halo shading when used Yang Hao, who have all since the late Qing landscape painting by Yang Hao, the emergence of a relatively soft line fat . If the previous generations have the work appear in the ink form, then there is the possibility of forgeries. from the painter personally write each way to the painter, painting habit, brush the Chisu weight, turning Bifeng changes in wet and dry ink in different shades, are the ink to form its unique character and shape. Although many painter's brush, in its different periods of change, but there is always some connection meantime, there are always some development context to be found. Therefore, when we understand the characteristics of an ink painting of the house will be able to recognize the changed basic aspects of their works. If signed by an author's work and our understanding of the very different, and its authenticity is very questionable . In fact, the works on the fake is the most difficult to imitate those things, a painter gradually in the long term operating characteristics of the formation of another person to fully grasp in the short term and not bad to re-trace it, it is not Great potential. particularly put some of the more vertical, strong character strokes, deliberately copying, inevitably rigid imitation of the effect, it is hard Similarly, and easy to fake who Benxiang exposed. Thus, ink can often be Distinguishing the decisive factor when.
body image and shape, and potential authenticity of identification has an important role. from the characteristics of the times look, Six figure are like Eye; Li Shida painting figures, more than a round ball like; Wu Li Chang Cheng interjection draw down the mountain-shaped tree; Wu Bin painting mountains, wore lofty air. If the situation is abnormal, it should be a question. calligraphic font and there are times body potential and personal characteristics. appraiser Ink will be handed down to Wang dual characteristics of the individual made.
style of composition and characteristics of the wafer can not be ignored. Song Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, who learn to use the In the Northern Song Dynasty landscape painting in the Ming and Qing Ge counted just like the body tricks of cloth can not be found in Song's calligraphic works (Beiban, except Epitaph). It should also be mentioned that, the Pro, also a fake copy of the painting often in between the lines and images echo each other on the showing surprising flaws.
the so-called times, but also of personality. Some clever imitation of a fake family in the form of calligraphy and paintings feature lifelike levels can be achieved, but it can never be copied out of other people's inner spirit. such as Shi Tao Chang pastiche paintings , in the art form is indeed difficult to see the problem, but the inner spirit of free Shi Tao, for the only basis for such imitation to identify the flavor. Of course, to be able to feel the charm of the work is not a short span of breath, Discrimination must have a high degree of cultivation and the accumulation of long-term practice to achieve this state, so for beginners, it is more difficult.
(2) based on the specific content of calligraphy and painting works to identify the authenticity of the text
and calligraphy painting the images shape is an important basis for identifying the authenticity. Any calligraphy and paintings are in a specific historical period of painting and calligraphy works of art, and thus the total number of historical and reflect the fact that the author himself. Many of the ancient painting and calligraphy and are often writers and scholars, they have a high degree of cultural literacy is a fake who generally unmatched, even some senior fake, is also a result of historical development and social and cultural conditions change can not be specific to a previous experience, and thus forge the original author who can not often make some mistakes. Based on this, we can use research methods to judge whether something works and the times of the actual situation of my line, and thus to determine its authenticity.
calligraphy from the taboo, the words and the specific content areas to be verified. so-called rewritten. This is a unique historical phenomenon in ancient, it is from the Zhou Dynasty, Qin and Han dynasties, the system is getting more complete, more and more strict taboo forbidden. shy types are taboo number, such as Empress posthumous name. empty words, lack of pen of three. old, guilty of taboo is a According to the book can be made to determine the time. such as , so be sure it is the Southern Song Dynasty's fake book. Of course, there are a few exceptions, such as some copy of this to avoid the previous generation of the taboo and not to avoid the contemporary of the taboo, there are some apparently authentic, but should avoid accidentally forgot to avoid the, It should be noted. the author works in a perverse unreasonable should not have typos and grammar is also easy to fake out those flaws. Cuoe fake word in the copy number is wrong when nobody knows when the stroke or before the human fabrications Italy caused. This accidental slip of the pen was utterly other. If the public power of Liu handed down, ; first child Works details are often able to find fake evidence. We can see from the text in the expression of thoughts and feelings, involving laws and institutions, customs habits and even the written format, wording and phrasing, address forms and other aspects, examine whether a particular historical opposite of the truth, if one claims to have written the previous works of poetry descendants, or the future generations the story, that he will no doubt the false.
the authenticity of paintings from the buildings, clothing, furniture, household utensils, such as the shape on the transport to be verified. Historically, the types of objects have a development process of evolution, which has a distinctive characteristic of the times. future generations can certainly describe the things the previous generation, but the former people may not have something to draw later. If there is a problem in the Chinese paintings were painted models using rattan bamboo wrapped round and a few high bar, and a rectangle with a waist high table, it can be asserted This must be after the Song of Song or people pretending to be. If there is a picture wearing a red top flower Ling's character, then no matter how old the paper and silk, can never be cleared before the people out of the hands.
(3) models based on the author's title, the seal of the name to distinguish the authenticity of
paragraph, inscriptions and seals are to identify the authenticity of an important aspect of painting and calligraphy. In general, calligraphy and painting more difficult to fake than, many fakes on the often exposed at the section title himself away, so many models to identify homemade identified by looking at paintings as a shortcut to detection of forgeries. See section title and look like the works of calligraphy, but also the main basis to identify characteristics of the style. In addition, some conjecture may be used as pseudo- research methods to identify the above. For example, in time, age, location, office, family, friends and events, etc., of the general I can not go wrong, but later were fake but prone to error. there is a transfer made for the gold farmers Wan Yu-map
Yangzhou, is between close friends, how could still send picture in demand after the death of Wang reward it? paragraph format is also the theme of a certain era and personal habits, it can thus identify. As said in paragraph ; so and so is my dear friend Ya Chang, time limit is quite clear. As Tim paragraph, change money, etc., can also be based on paper and silk wounds, old and new ink, the ink of the ups and downs so to identify.
seal the certificate is to win the trust of people, in general, calligraphy and painting in with the seal of his work that indeed, the attitude is solemn. the history of painting and calligraphy, many in a very long time, even life, are relatively fixed number of parties with India. And speaking from the seal itself, but also more more difficult to fake painting, before the invention of the photographic plate, to be carved through the turn method was no less counterfeit seal is extremely difficult, even with the photographic plate approach, careful identification also can still see some flaws. can be seen, according to to determine the authenticity of the seal of authenticity of the work is very credible. Therefore, the identification of old homes, especially in late Qing Dynasty who will stamp collectors as the main basis for the identification of painting, such as the huge seal element attached great importance to economic and advocate painted piece by piece, to be checked by Indian side. Differential seal check method can be used in addition, but also according to their times. as seal, Tang, Song and Yuan Xiao Zhuan people like to use the Ming and Qing seals are mostly from the Qin and Han text ; printed form, is generally square, rectangular, round, oval, gourd-shaped, etc., Song, Ming and Ding Shihai occasional bell-shaped; print quality, Tang, Song, Yuan, mostly copper, teeth, jade, etc., per Since the beginning of the end of the early Ming Dynasty stone chapter; printed color, Tang and Five Dynasties and more with honey or watermark printing, Song appeared in mimeographed, to the Southern Song Dynasty, an increasing in the watermark mimeograph, the Yuan Dynasty after the full use of mimeographed. If there is one yuan were paintings, but blade with the Anhui faction of lithography, then Great question.
section title of course, the seal also has its limitations. as some painting and India are numerous and chaotic household, could not check. Some painter died, others He left the seal cap to make up false, and some painting at home for various reasons, for or on behalf of imitation in the works of his own name on the title section, stamped with his seal. In addition, there are people with money transfer, splicing, the use of real paper money of more than fake fake painting techniques and so on. then there shall be printed and painted false true situation. Therefore, we shall not all that India can not but believe money printed, but should be printed as a section an important auxiliary basis, combined with the painting itself is investigated, the only way to make the right judgments.
(4) according to others, and the collection and identification of Indian inscriptions identify the authenticity of the inscriptions is
of others at the same time or descendants of the increase in work or work problems before and after the poetry inscriptions, title, lead the first, concept models and so on. It includes the works of the commentary on the content author or work, identify the authenticity and age to explain the creative process and collections relations, recorded viewing time and so on. Such inscriptions on the painting to identify the authenticity of a role there, so old antique industry practice known as methods and identification of calligraphic works and the same shall issue. If inscriptions is true, it should look at whether there is shift the prior paragraph, splicing, etc., in excluding real question, after the painting a fake false questions can be based on knowledgeable of the separate treatment of different situations. while most of the inscriptions is often an important basis for identification. such as the Northern Song Li Gonglin's , but also with Lee as a friend, so you can confirm that this map is authentic Li Gong scales. The inscriptions of the value of future generations should be depending on their level of identification and attitude is serious and responsible and determined. Some eye is high, serious attitude of art, connoisseurs, such as Wen Zheng, etc., have made comments and identification of high reliability. In general, the previous generation of people close to the ancient, certainly more people today see as much, so Although they can not believe everything discussed, but the total is still a certain reference value, at least prove that work was created previously in the inscriptions. If the question is false consciousness, then to leave the exclusion of a small number of genuine problems with the case After generally can be identified, painting itself is pretending to be the. past fake paintings in the forgery, are often forged celebrity inscriptions as connoisseurs, collectors or collections in their watch over the calligraphy and paintings on the seal ring. old people's attitude in the use of collection and identification of printing is generally serious, so we can identify the authenticity of it as a basis. Connoisseur India can be divided into two categories. One is the collection within the Indian government, such as Don the and so on, the Southern Song Dynasty as ;, curios ; so, Yuan Shun, who favored a ;, Yue students s Wei-Ming, Xiang Yuan Bian, Wang Shi-zhen, Liang Ch'ing-piao, An Qi, Sun Chengze, Cao Rong identified and collectors have a lot of other famous Indian Connoisseur. In general, there are well-known within the government and identified and collectors mark on history mostly fine. Several of them identified and collectors such as Liang Ch'ing-piao, security and other discrimination, vision is particularly high, they are overshadowed by the works of India, mostly authentic. Moreover, the collection and identification of India is also spread through identification with the work, a Diego through collections, circulation, works and has a thread I do not know the whole story, not the works of famous Connoisseur compared to the credibility of the former is certainly much higher. Of course, Connoisseur also often pretending to be printed, especially some well-known collectors, If item Yuan Bian, the In addition, a work printed on if the are all false, then it itself can not be realized. differential collection and identification methods and identification of printed substantially the same seal. As the bell collection and identification of the location printed more than a certain standard, and the fake are often due to ignorance The bell was wrong, this undoubtedly Distinguishing our work provides a multiplier of the , appears in the section title and seal of the problem, the same can appear in the title printed on the knowledge and the collection and identification, so we can be more important as an adjunct to use.
(5) based on paper, silk painting materials, such as calligraphy and painting to identify the authenticity of
main materials are paper and silk, and the use of paper and silk production process and its development and personal preferences about painting the house, which it inevitably has some Character and personality traits, it is also identified paper and silk paintings under Discrimination. can be neglected aspect.
paper the situation is more complicated. in terms of its material, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties mostly with hemp paper, gradually after the Northern Song Dynasty less use, Yuan after the user is more unique. to bark paper by the system, some appeared in the Sui, Tang, Song from the beginning of the extensive use of calligraphy, then increasingly popular. Paper about bamboo material begins Song, after the Song is also quite popular. paper size, how straight when Jin is about 25 cm high, Tang and Five Dynasties gradually to 29 cm high, to more high-Song to between 30-45 cm, while also significantly increase Long, such as Huizong cursive There are two patterns of bamboo stripes and silk, bamboo stripe thickness of each generation to another, probably before the coarse Tang, Song is smaller. common since the Ming Dynasty and a The. Ming and Qing dynasties, there are brushes with mica, alum water very familiar paper. birth certificate before asking for the Yuan and Ming, Ming Zheng, Jia Jing after the rise due to ink big draw freehand, then became popular, to the late Qing Dynasty, calligraphy and painting are all competing with students of paper. calligraphers have different personal preferences and habits, such as Song Mi Fu like to use a yellow paper, Ming Shen Zhou, Wen Zheng used a white tissue paper, Qing Liu Tong, beam with wax paper and many other books.
silk and weaving the material means little change history, only the more obvious changes in width, such as the Song to the sun and of large and not more than 60 cm wide publicity, and after getting there to 80 cm or more, to the Southern Song Dynasty more than a meter in the middle. Ming has been research of light silk, Qing Xianfeng, wen it has been common to painting.
In addition, Ling has also been used as painting materials. If Tang, Song of the Patent Chile useful to spend writing. Song Huang Ting widely popular, becoming rare after the mid-Qing Emperor Kangxi, Qing and was popular.
from paper, silk, damask the application point of view, ancient calligraphic works more than paper with silk, damask; paintings, mostly before the Yuan Dynasty with silk, and even cooked and partially cooked with the paper, Yuan Dynasty, more than with the silk paper gradually.
based on paper and silk paintings authenticity of the old and new methods to identify the last use was quite extensive, but in fact there are major limitations, because the ancient paper and silk have retained to future generations, the fake can use it to create fake painting, silk paper, so alone is to be taken under the judge's. However, the development of clear paper and silk is still very important, Although the previous generation descendants of paper and silk can be used, but it was not possible with previous generations of paper and silk, so that at least can identify with the descendants of those who forged the previous paper and silk paintings. and fake silk in ancient paper has flaws to be found, In general, more difficult to eat the old paper and silk ink for ink often floating rather than new sink, but really old for the ink and color, is more of a very deep penetration.
, of course, even with the new fake paper and silk were also many will its so old, so do Discrimination must distinguish between the old and the original will be old. learning to use the old methods are mainly to do to dirty water or ocher, Garcinia and other pigments to dye, to smoke smoked and so on. According to Zhao Ruzhen made of ash more than old mice, wheat yellow bicolor, the former is the old wallpaper with a fake Canadian alkaline cook, and then dried in the sun, which is stained with brown sugar water to Garcinia, and then wipe the ash. However, the dye visibility is sometimes the old water damage marks, even if the dye was uniform, but also due to the formation of non-natural aging Old pack slurry, such as the new color appears, it must be carefully inspected to identify will not go wrong.
(6) based on style and decor pieces to identify the authenticity of the pieces of calligraphy and paintings
style and decor also has its times. < br> There are painting-spoke volumes, axes, hanging scrolls, album, fan, folding fan, couplets, etc.. it is also called when an increasing volume of high volume low, mostly less than 30 cm of its height. Ming books after the mid-axis increased gradually. even ten or more, but also the occasional two. small painting commonly known as According to records, Tang, Five Dynasties have this style. Ming and Qing Dynasty more than the cost of album is the first painting made after mounting. more especially in the Southern Song Dynasty. Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty, asked almost disappeared, and Xianfeng to dynasty and was once popular among. After Qianlong became popular, are all calligraphy, but a small number of the Qing Dynasty are also So do not look determined to be forgeries can.
decoration sometimes as powerful evidence Discrimination. for mounting the damask, brocade, the generation of pattern, color and more different, but the style of mounting is also much different from, and if apparent anomaly, it should be a question.
(7) based literature to identify the authenticity of
in identifying the process of painting, the works of calligraphy and painting and calligraphy but also documented a high reference value, sometimes is a very important basis. and the painting of the ancient literature, most closely cataloging books in general are painting, calligraphy and painting biography, and my art and friends of the poems, notes and account of painting and other miscellaneous recorded.
painting a record can be divided into three categories. one for the record collection of the government, such as the Song . the book of records related to calligraphy and painting the subject matter, content, name, form, texture, size, decoration, and the section of the Indian, descendants of various Indian inscriptions and the Connoisseur, and spread through and Chaigai, changes situation, and some comments and expert opinion as well. These records verify the authenticity of our very useful, and thus in the identification of a piece of calligraphy and paintings, it should be recorded by these forward as possible to figure out works related with the all cases, compare this with the physical, often able to help us make more accurate judgments. On the other hand, because the ancient masters, especially the works of great artists are specially trained in the previous collection and identification and description, if the sudden appearance of a known as the Han and the Tang and Song masters of the work (other than excavations), and various types of bibliographic records, he also is not wide, it is pretending to be ten to.
painter biography and poetry collection, notes are often retained a lot about painting home birth and death years, life story, achievements, friends contacts, work creation and spread of such valuable information, which is our research of the important basis. as handed down in the Northern Song Wang Xian , shall know himself as the The Ming SHEN Fu's Using records to verify the characteristics of its artistic style and ink.
paintings and works of history to understand the general content and major release, available Shao Yu Song, the more important works have been included, including. Of course, for various reasons documented many Cuoe, which we should be in the use of attention.
(8) Distinguishing the integrated use of methods
Discrimination in the above methods, based on the art of painting itself is the main form and specific content, and the rest is secondary. However, for a specific work, Discrimination in the clear relationship between these primary and secondary premise, but also a good grip on a variety of methods, and the flexibility to use. ancient painting the situation is complex, the way the fake who is full of wonders, some, only the use of various methods to verify from all angles, and then link comprehensive study in order to obtain more accurate conclusions. In most cases, the identification of a work should first see their age and personal characteristics of the specific content of the style, then look at the section of the title and seal, and then followed by verification descendants of the various inscriptions, Connoisseur and paper printed silk, pieces of type, decoration, literature and so on. However, in some cases, such as the identification of the only works of a painter, as a result can not be confirmed by comparison to other works his personal style, it should be from the style of the times, literature and other aspects, then complemented by other means. identification of a piece of non-print works section, if there was one of the pieces of inscriptions, it becomes very important basis.
general, all authentic, no matter from which side validation should not appear absurd paradox. a work of art style and if its specific content, no problems, then the subsection title, seals and other circumstantial evidence also should not be inferior perverse. glance if a good piece of work, but there are fake money printed on a sign, it should be aware of those practices is clever fake, pen and ink techniques, etc. in the very lifelike imitation deceive us, So for further work to be on the look fine. in improving the awareness of the look down, and then cleverly pretending to be and there will always reveal some of himself away. If no doubt on the work itself can be confirmed, then the paragraph should identify the reasons for India not such as whether to add money later generations of ignorance disorder India, superfluous the. in the event of typos, Used for sub-shapes, and future generations to avoid the taboo without inscriptions, collection and identification of counterfeit and other printed matter, should also be repeated using the above method looks for, and then consider whether it would be descendants of the occasional mistake or false move with Postscript and so on. In short, the process of detection of forgeries can not let go of any doubt, we can not because of some minor local issues and easily negate the work itself , but should be carefully integrated in all aspects of the verification; Finally, the work itself back to a reasonable judge.
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----- Bodhidharma, founder of Chinese Zen ancestors

 Dharma Zen ancestors and cultural choices

Zen Zen, since the number , only the mysterious side attractive, because mystery means unlimited possibilities. This is probably the Zen to ancient times to now, after years without an important reason for failure.
Thought History of Contemporary Zen Liu Professor Tian Shengshan have the authority to ask questions:
carefully inspected to see, which is totally unthinkable, in the Zen Buddhist sects in probably the most difficult to popularize, but it can distribute the most popular appeal, what reason do? History of Chinese Buddhism not seen, in this century, Zen has been across the ocean, become a worldwide school of hot, not only scholars, elites, and the pawns trafficking husband, can come a little Zen.
However, what is Zen?
since Zen Buddhism in China, after overwhelmingly made the stage, especially Zen emerged in contemporary thought, people said that Zen Buddhism in general, no longer refers to three studies of Jieding Hui Zen meditation, nor is relative to the teachers of the history of Buddhism , lawyers, on the division, the Master of the Zen Master of the repair, but to Zen Buddhism, in particular, Hui Neng? z638-718? {created by Zen.
historical factors made the name of such a complex phase, bringing the number of trouble and confusion, as between them, linked to the great difference between small hh
Zen is {abbreviation. It is the first Buddhist religious practices, in order to achieve stability of the heart to inspire wisdom, Buddhist [three school]? z precepts, and wisdom? {sophisticated, meditation, wisdom? {'s nature, that the information given is to quit, to be issued Hui, other than in the, in the form of the ring determined to get inside, the actual state of Buddhahood? z Hui? {Department of heart in a environment that the Zen meditation are advised to Results Jiafu Zuo, adjusting the interest rate adjustment aligning the body, back view of the photo, the heart Cheng Zhi Jing, their effectiveness has may be; Erchan heart be born of joy; San Chan, calm emotions of joy, calm the mind while the spirit of the wonderful music; Sichan, forget the spirit of the wonderful music and obliterate natural quiet, as to state of Nirvana.
Therefore, on the methodology, meditation together, according to the Vatican set the name of Zen, also known as Samadhi, Samadhi; to physiognomy, the Zen and meditation, meditation can not be separated; to the results of efficacy, the Zen also known as Jing Lv, abandoned evil, merit the jungle, free; to state, the Zen meditation can be expressed in a different, more popular classification, such as the Zen world, the Buddhist world, a world distinction on the Zen, and if the walking meditation Yufu ? z heretics Zen Zen Bono? {, Theravada Buddhism? z Sichan eight-ten concepts of Zen given? {, Mahayana Buddhism? z as one third Zen concept of reality? {distinction.
sum up, the same as a Zen, from different angles and different levels, can have different understanding and a different name. It is this Zen Zen back in case the door? z as a sectarian, has been popular in China; and, even after the Chinese were popular gate Zen, Zen Buddhism factions also pursued by the Han, so the teachers of Chinese Buddhism in? z chanting expositor? {, counsel? z benevolent discipline who? {, on the division? z preaching by creationists? {, Master? z enforcement apparatus are proficient? {, the Special Master in the name, referring to those specializing in meditation. Based on such facts, Master Tai? z1877-1947? {that, compared to Southeast Asia, Tibet, Buddhism, Japan, China, the characteristics of Chinese Buddhism, in a word? z Zen? {!
In this context, we observe Zen Zen.
life case of Zen, but this not that Zen Buddhism has been ,? z no wisdom without meditation? {, meditation and wisdom, will and wisdom is almost inseparable, but the Zen after all, not wisdom, will be different from the final analysis, meditation and wisdom are external, physiognomy, and preparation; wisdom is inherent , nature, and purpose. This is the Buddhist push for that the set is of wisdom, that wisdom is the function, that is set at the time of Hui Hui, that the wisdom is in the set.? z Dunhuang The meditation made a new interpretation:
heart is nothing more than self-nature to quit, no mess from the heart of the set, no crazy heart of wisdom from. have enlightened self, do not stand Jieding Hui.
in the Famennian , where name meditation? the Dharma, everything without problems, all outside the realm can not afford to sit on the concept, see the nature of chaos as the Zen meditation called what? Zen said outside the off phase, given the chaos said.? z Dunhuang of. Along with this Dharma, Jogyesa subglottic letter? z information? {, the name of the phase of Buddhism, from the classics to the text, from the precepts to meditation, from the Buddha were all sent to the King Cho hh swing away, forming a lying, are in the temple, , but it is not classified as interest rate adjustment meditation, which emphasizes the inner enlightenment, in the natural and concrete life, experience the true meaning of Buddhism. So, Zen meditation, is not necessarily limited to the practice act, It is the practice , is attained; both fixed, but also wisdom. When the Zen Master are into the layers of class, but the General monk to say a Language!
, of course, the new Zen, but a long history of Chinese Buddhism the product development stage. It comes from Dharma Zen, as in the Huineng Zen Buddhism flourished in the South Caoxi. so-called near a small island of Sri Lanka is now the name, it can be popular in the South did permit Tianzhu Dharma Zen? {, and called Bodhidharma Zen as Southern Buddhism is hi sense to play, it is also known to teach at this ultra-Buddhist factions tendency? z, such as the Department of Wisdom cases and three of Zen metaphysics of the Tau? {as in the history of Zen is specific to mature and that is the Tang Dynasty ? z845? {, issued an edict? z waste Buddha Law? {, destroyed the temple, if blue, ordered monks and nuns to return to secular life, known to history? z Huichang method was not ?{.?{< br> Sheng in China alone, for the flag to Huineng , Jogyesa subglottic Hongzhou cases, the stone and its subsequent derivatives were kinds of legal case pick and sing assessment drink bar really interested on the Zen, it must first clear: you say : the same as meditation, where this huge difference in the sky, Why made?
Zen is Buddha Experience, is a comprehensive pro-specific knowledge pro card. language, even if Pitakas, only the abstract, he knows his local card is on the means rather than the moon itself, is to fall back on the first justice of the Line realm of the second sense plate. so true Buddha, but an absolute individual, not given, can not pass the enlightenment. this realm, language is unable to enter, always helpless. Buddha experience, a written down immediately to
say a thing like that is not in the. [, can not be said, non say you can not; Ken out, he drilled it on paper, donkey years to go! mass re-transmission, said that when the Zen master who can rise steeply in the cliff Chihiro Tazhun dance with ease, then the vast majority of those who later Xuechan, all of them locked Phi flail every step, you stick to drink, and looked at each other, God knows they are the deeds or dismal.
Zen can not be said that the history of Zen is to say.
since called Zen, called Zen, were not called to the dog days of these cases were cats, and history will be Zen on a relationship. refers to the month that does not mean months, which is certainly justified, but if not for all the moon, all of them to experience lunar life, and that through the That is the only way to know the month. Therefore, to find out the history of Zen, perhaps not the way around to understand what is Zen, then expect to grasp what is Zen.
the history of Zen, of course, can not equal learning Zen; to know the history of Zen, if not understanding, or do not understand Zen. But, in turn, do not understand the history of Zen, understanding and then high, and shall not understand Zen.
view of this, the year Hu? z1891-1962 ? {and Suzuki? z1870-1966? {argument Zen, a standing position on the History of Zen, a Zen experience standing position. finally each side, and can not communicate. two masters meet ordinary people, always calm, cultivation reached the limit; but if it is found have real opponents, is inevitably a little ambition, the old man will be guilty of confusing points.
However, the history of Zen is not to say.
greatest difficulty, from Zen's special position. Zen claims to be from the thorough, clever. so it must of course be denied to the product of historical development, deny that they are ordinary person from those who are not so clever Zen, Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism in the womb, step by step evolution of evolved. < br> this purpose to promote the actual creators of Zen Buddhism in Tang and Five cases were they? z that Hui Neng the second, third disciple, the founder of Southern Zen who? {, false statements gain a lot of stories, will be attached to the founder of Zen Buddhism who earlier caused difficult to distinguish the authenticity of the history of the so-called distinction, not only usurped the story false, but also asked the name of books, words and deeds are more late-coming late to the incorporation into the true history? z such as the Zen Zen master who truly flourish? z as the original line of thinking green? z660-740? {, Nanyang Huizhong? z695-775? {, ranked Huineng disciples Nongjiachengzhen, from generation to generation, the real impact of Chinese culture, great role in the history of Zen in China and that is the authenticity of the mix, the pseudo-true hybrid. dharma ancestors of a reed cross the river, facing the wall of nine stories; the Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng was the heart of wisdom for the verse does not know that these ancestors had hh Zen monks in South remodeling gilded, their every move, filling the purposes and spirit of Southern Buddhism to express the experience and wisdom of the Southern Buddhism. And the truth of history is often disguised, or even annihilation.
highlighted the need; We've got the so-called is false. However, from the whole of Chinese history, Chinese culture from the perspective of the formation makes it ignore the fact that, more importantly, their behavior is influenced history, truly historic! in the narrow history of Buddhism, Zen sense of the history of is Typical Zen deeper soul than the ? because our aim is to produce by Zen, the understanding of growth and development process in order to glimpse the target Zen, Zen approach hh Therefore, the first step of the work, will have to attempt to distinguish between The footprints of history.
However, there are some who claim to write their own explained to always be secondary. Thus, the value of historical works is not in the past to restore a micromanager, but rather on the process and what changes to make sure and explain.
only unable to recognize the historical works of history Restore the limitations of what can be perceived sense of its past and its interpretation of the function of records in order to find the best angle and level of hh each angle and the level of historical writing, is absolutely different. We do not attempt to the best angle, the best level, how to find? how to justify? ancient Zen way of thinking will give us great insight: they like most to ask, is the ? Zen to what countries for hegemony in the era of thinkers that created the most basic point is that the true colors of the same thinkers can simply ancient Chinese culture from the inside to see.
primitive Buddhism and Indian situation is different, the root of Buddhism In the ancient Indian culture. No matter how people explain Buddhism, its origins are always simply go to the house of ancient Indian culture.
Zen is another case of the various sects of Chinese Buddhism, but to enter the Indian Buddhist culture Chinese culture created a variation of an individual, cultural sub-species, which are Indian and Chinese cultures interacting with each other, the result of choice, is the result of Buddhism in China, is China's Buddhism. relative to all other sects, Zen can be said it was most typically developed, launched the most adequate paradigm, therefore, the root of Zen culture in India and China, respectively, culture, Zen's choice theory.
the overall schema of the world or background point of view, the edge of contact with different cultures is ever-present in the affirmative. With advanced technology and transportation, contact with the edge of this increasingly be broken More and more contact points, surface more widely, becoming more deeply, but only under special historical conditions, with a special opportunity and carrier in order to form large-scale, targeted the cultural movement? z typical example is the revolution, war and population migration? {, therefore, active or passive, peaceful or bloody, and cultural interchange took place. In the geographical point of view, the intersection of the two parties for the foreign culture, one for the native culture. Then, if native culture does have some internal needs, prompting it to find inspiration outside to culture, nutrition, and even the resources and power, and cultural choice would have happened. necessary to the performance of this culture and history of the topic for the Times; at different levels and different groups people in, there is a different understanding and consciousness; this way, all the people, the overall cultural choice, presented in different levels of running, with a variety of different purposes, the specific sport; history to show the native culture by foreign cultures Select the focus, level and depth. cultural selection process, the performance of native culture as a catalyst, moisture, the foreign culture of a local, one level, the evolved different cultural paradigm, sub-species to; longer native culture is constantly compared out to test the paradigm embodied subspecies of understanding and consciousness, whether on the cultural needs, age and history of the subject to grasp how much; After continuous shocks, adjust the focus and level of choice, and finally a one or several sub-species can respond to the subject of the times, to gradually shape, development and integration. because of cultural change itself is not a living, constant action of living organisms, so the key issue of all of the above branded concept, category, are has its own process and the laws of motion, and all of them, but also constitutes an endless historical picture.
evident in modern China, the margin of the powers of the gunboats, clever device technology the United States, Western culture into China . by the military and the political and economic system in which the artifacts and ideas, Fuguoqiangbing dream of several generations of Chinese people to fight for life! If the can not meet the historical process of cultural selection did not able to put into practice, then in the Western Countries, modern Confucianism, Westernization, Chinese-style communism, a single ownership, planned economy and the commodity economy is a combination of hh different levels were different center of gravity of them all is a cultural choice patterns of Western culture and Chinese culture meet one generated after the paradigm, sub-species. A half-century, though constantly reinvent Shaojia change, but in essence, is as a dozen a model, a camel in the modern history of China lantern stage debut, to be tested. sometimes violent storms, of large-scale cooperation, sometimes gentle and mild, subtle; presented in front of us is in progress to date selection of magnificent cultural history of the scene. < br> For the history of cultural convergence has occurred and cultural choice, if you want to explain the processes and mechanisms, then, cultural selection theory is never satisfied with the specific cultural patterns of the the characteristics of school? {, but to the intersection of two cultures and the analysis of mutual selection, description, explain the specific pattern of its production, its development, its characteristics, the nature of a cultural model hh finally recognized by the native culture , digestion, absorption, and the reason is not that the model relative to the mother culture in terms of more genetic variability, or more; not in its form, quality material, spirit, soul, the number of hh in the end from the original culture, and how much from the outside culture; the most fundamental reason for the final analysis, depends on the model in what sense and to what extent can meet the needs of the times, to respond to the subject of history.
needs of the times and understanding of foreign culture [of the focus and perspective ] and transformation [of the objectives and methods] relations; historical and cultural patterns of specific feedback, model testing and self-adjustment, but the essence of cultural selection theory, but also cultural selection theory and the difference between the general historical research.
children must stop his wife, Kum-fat Hu Fu's Buddhism, in the reason is that the ancient Chinese mainstream culture of non-religious. and decided to Buddhism into China after the gesture, situation and development of the law, but also mainstream Chinese culture, non-religious character and nature. the so-called ancient Chinese mainstream culture, secular means the political life of ancient China of human relations, and hence the decision of the Chinese people strictly rational spirit of practical and realistic attitude towards life. its primary content, that is, non-religious nature of Confucianism. undeniable fact that Confucianism in China dominant culture, if Confucianism is a religion, then it is absolutely ancient Chinese culture is a highly religious oriented.
This is indeed a controversial issue, but the controversy lies the key not only to determine the understanding to grasp the object of Confucianism , it is understood that the standard of judging what is religion?
no more mysterious than the more complex religious existence. It is a concept system [doctrine of divinity], is a behavioral system [rituals, sacrifices ]; both a moral and legal norms [commandments, taboos], but also a material entity [idol, temple]; both individual believers, but also a special community organizations; both immature human spirit and life of the world's false, reverse , superstition, the cognitive, but also embodies the human spirit of people than things that solemn, sacred, the eternal pursuit of hh beyond the different positions, from different angles, leaving a lot of the previous definition of religion. However, sophisticated and accurate definition of religion can not just be satisfied with an abstract view of the existence of religion, norms and grasp; but any angle, any form of religion, level for everyone, the only way that can only be described as religious grasp the essence. In particular, religion and general beliefs, the general philosophical idealism, superstition and fairy tale mythology in general, there should be essentially different.
above, is a sacred religious beliefs, it is both superstitious and the dual nature of sanctification, the performance of the concept of God theory of the behavior of the system the fact that under the guidance system.
superstition is not necessarily religious, religion, it certainly superstition. religion and general beliefs, the general philosophy of idealism and common superstition [in addition to other spirits, money, goods, authority, books and even science can be a power of alienation, of the blind obedience, I call the general superstition.] difference is that the object of religious worship to take the form of God. is the essence of religious superstition take the form of God, the object of alienation. Note: Here the highest level of non-personal God.
in any specific religion, special form of God, God, God, Allah, Buddha hh is always in supreme position. It is the object of worship is the doctrine of the center and ultimate basis of religious rituals and taboos of the basis and purpose is the religious feelings of the source and destination of hh are religious in all, are to God as a starting point to God as the basis and refers to the return, subject to God, who created God, but loss of self that is the essence of God, that is the essence of religious superstition. However, the only superstition is not the essence of religion.
when we say that the nature of religious superstition, means the world and its false life upside down contemplation, but that does not mean that we also deny the existence of the religion and rationality, negation of religion as a faith, a positive view of the world value. religion, of course, reflect the emergence and existence of the human immature or stupid, but it At the same time direct and profound reflection of the human world and the life of the root element of exploration. reflected in the human pursuit of religion, is the highest pursuit of human wisdom of God and man, body and soul, life and death, this side and the other side of heaven and earth, beauty and ugliness, good and evil hh metaphysical, moral, aesthetic, no matter what the value of hh, the religion think, are the fundamental issues of life and the universe, the ultimate concern [This is the general philosophy of religion fairy tale of idealism and a profound difference between the myth.] pursuit of the sacred, sacred objects of worship, the other side of the sacred world of sacred rites, sacred atmosphere, the psychological feelings of the sacred, the holy man [God] just as superstitious nature of international relations hh Like, holy nature of all religions also been a strong and prominent form of expression. Therefore, we will not because the people under specific historical limitations of the finite answer [superstition] denied the pursuit of human thought and infinite [sanctification] . sacred and holy pursuit of the theme, making the essential characteristics of the superstition of religion, but also have the essential characteristics of sanctification.
superstition and sanctification, naturally unified in religion; religion have become the religion, superstition, and St. of the essential characteristics of indispensable. they are so deep and harmonious unity of the highest in the religious world dominated by God's body. performance of a specific form of religion but to God as the center of a large system expansion is a God The theoretical concept of the fact that the system behavior under the guidance system. Here, the fact that the system is subject to the concept of behavioral systems theory, and theory of the system and this concept must be is this to whether in its . in the Confucian system of thought, energy and superstitious holy number of God put up, if the God-based, it is Confucius [551 - 479]; if the law-based, there destiny. However, Confucianism has never been Confucius or not commenced its destiny as the central theoretical system.
Confucianism is specific and should not be an abstract discussion. in Chinese history, Confucianism had [we call the hole Confucianism], Confucian, and Song .
hole made Confucianism, Chinese culture is the product of tough times, hence the chaos of the age-specific characteristics. coupled with the causes of insufficient documentation, authentic Confucian system of thought in the end what is, no one has seen; posterity Confucius Quotations can only be based on existing, according to their own understanding to build a system of Confucian thought, so that the face bore more fuzzy variable Confucianism. but people say , who would not say bore the sacred cult of Confucianism is Confucius or Fatality at the center. pre-Qin Confucian literature, whether it is recorded in the Confucian wisdom, gracious, great height and strength of Confucius, or Taoism and recorded in various home The habitat habitat panic, knowing they are impossible, sour Confucius, are personal and not a god. As for destiny, and Confucius, of course, believe that [But he has not in superstitious attitude deified it. He destiny understanding tend to the natural, realistic side of [doubtful attitude [Confucianism is a religion, not the conclusions of holes.
Confucian political theory developed in the Confucian and to the peak of the hands of the state. chaos one of the Confucian thought to the situation of the Han Dynasty was Kaleidoscopic: politics and ethics are prominent, and its common core is the hierarchy and the system. Jun-Jun, Chen Chen, Father Father, Son Son, political and ethical high degree of unity, Confucian thus expand its theoretical system, Dong [former 176 - before 104] so, Jia Yi [ ,],[It forms as the relationship between the number of directly dependent on political theory, concepts and systems for the level of the core services. the hierarchy and the system as the core and start his own theory is the fundamental characteristic of Confucian, this is Han Domination Confucianism secret, and also the Han Chinese to leave such a significant impact on the history of the fundamental reasons. Confucian ideas on the political level of the network and the role of points in Confucian hand has been completed; and Confucianism in China in the future there are, without exception, had inherited, and no more than on it. Confucian thought is properly implemented, start to really get in Chinese culture, Chinese history and Chinese people's cultural and psychological structure of the absolute superiority, from Confucian start there, and is based on human relations as the way the political. With this process, the status of Confucius rising from the Han Dynasty, add in the crown of his head is also increasingly prominent. However, from the emperors was presented to the appellation of Confucius , China is indeed the eyes of Confucius is still the political rather than religious, human relations, is the supreme the ontological nature of the universe and life full unity of theoretical system, and skillfully Confucian political Human Relationships weaving them to finally realize the Confucianism in Chinese culture, both refined and popular tastes and all levels of the dominance of cultural style. Although Song of this achievement has been invoked to teach Buddhism and the idea of two outcomes, but this quoted strictly carried out in the field of philosophy. to the specific form is concerned, from Zhou [1017-1073], Shao [1011-1077] Zhang Zai [1020-1077] to the Neo-Lu-Wang, the main reason they are the main gas, the main heart of the Lord I, Promise Tai Chi, but absolutely no place for superstition and divine leader, or destiny. in the Outside essential characteristics and the more consciously ...